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Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals: An Overview of the Clinical Outcomes and Evidence-Based Archive
Published in Bhaskar Mazumder, Subhabrata Ray, Paulami Pal, Yashwant Pathak, Nanotechnology, 2019
Manjir Sarma Kataki, Ananya Rajkumari, Bibhuti Bhusan Kakoti
Folate or folic acid is another crucial nutrient which has been considered essential in pregnancy. Folic acid fortification has been victorious in dropping the incidence of neural tube defects during child birth. Earlier, this issue was a grave concern during pregnancy and child birth. Folic acid along with iron supplementation is a must in conceiving women. However, many women capable of becoming pregnant still do not meet the recommended intake for folic acid. A 400 mcg of folic acid is highly recommended for women planning to become pregnant. They can fulfil this folic acid requirement either by taking fortified foods or by supplements. During pregnancy this requirement tends to be 600 mcg daily from all sources. Sources of food folate include beans and peas, oranges and orange juice, and dark-green, leafy vegetables such as spinach and mustard greens.
Preventive Measures for Corona Virus Considering Different Perspectives in Indian Conditions
Published in Suman Lata Tripathi, Kanav Dhir, Deepika Ghai, Shashikant Patil, Health Informatics and Technological Solutions for Coronavirus (COVID-19), 2021
Saumyadip Hazra, Abhimanyu Kumar, Souvik Ganguli, Sahil Virk
Folic acid also known as folate is a water-soluble vitamin and also called vitamin B-9. The red blood cells become larger than the normal size if there is a deficiency of folic acid in the human body. This disease is called macrocytic anemia. Folate boosts immunity and also useful in treating depression. An adult should consume 400 μg of folic acid [31].
PLGA-Based Nanoparticles for Cancer Therapy
Published in Jince Thomas, Sabu Thomas, Nandakumar Kalarikkal, Jiya Jose, Nanoparticles in Polymer Systems for Biomedical Applications, 2019
The more considered internalization-prone receptors are as follows: The transferrin receptor. Transferrin, a serum glycoprotein, transports iron through the blood and into cells by binding to the transferring receptor and then being internalized via receptor-mediated endocytosis. The transferrin receptor is a crucial protein involved in iron homeostasis and the regulation of cell growth. The high levels of expression of transferring receptor in cancer cells, which may be up to 100-fold higher than the usual expression of normal cells, its extracellular accessibility, its capacity to internalize, and its central role in the cellular pathology of human cancer, make this receptor an effective target for cancer therapy.118,106The folate receptor is a famous tumor marker that binds to the vitamin folic acid and folate–drug conjugates or folate-grafted nanocarriers with a high affinity and carries these bound molecules into the cells through receptor-mediated endocytosis. Folic acid is needed in one carbon metabolic reactions and, as a result, is essential for the synthesis of nucleotide bases. The alpha isoform, folate receptor-a is over expressed on 40% of human cancers. On the contrary, folate receptor-β is expressed on activated macrophages and also on the surfaces of malignant cells of hematopoietic origin.106Glycoproteins expressed on cell surfaces. Lectins are proteins of nonimmunological origin which are capable to recognize and bind to carbohydrate moieties attached to glycoprotein’s expressed on cell surface. Cancer cells often express various glycoprotein’s compared to normal cells. Lectins interaction with certain carbohydrate is very specific. Lectins can be incorporated into NPs as targeting moieties that are directed to cell-surface carbohydrates (direct lectin targeting), and carbohydrates moieties can be coupled to NPs to target lectins (reverse lectin targeting). Make use of lectins and neoglyco conjugates for direct or reverse targeting strategies is a usual approach of colon drug targeting.119,106Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). It is a part of the ErbB family, a family of tyrosine kinase receptors. Its activation stimulates key processes involved in tumor growth and progression. EGFR is normally over expressed in a lot of cancer, principally in breast cancer. Also, it has been found to play a vital role in the progression of several human malignancies. Human epidermal receptor-2 is reported to be expressed in 14–91% of patients with breast cancer.120,106 EGFR is expressed or over expressed in a diversity of solid tumors, including colorectal cancer, nonsmall cell lung cancer, and squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, as well as ovarian, pancreatic, kidney, and prostate cancer.121,106
Modern dietary guidelines for healthy pregnancy; maximising maternal and foetal outcomes and limiting excessive gestational weight gain
Published in European Journal of Sport Science, 2019
Kirsty Jayne Elliott-Sale, Ashley Graham, Stephanie Jane Hanley, Sherry Blumenthal, Craig Sale
In order to avoid bacterial infections, such as salmonella and listeria, and maintain maternal and foetal health, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE, 2017) recommend that pregnant women avoid unpasteurised milk, mould-ripened soft cheese, blue-veined cheese, pâté, uncooked or undercooked ready-prepared meals, raw or partially cooked eggs or food that may contain them and raw or partially cooked meats, especially poultry. In addition, they recommend 400 mcg of folic acid per day, in order to reduce the risk of neural tube defects. Vitamin D (10 mcg per day) is also advised for people at risk of vitamin D deficiency, such as women of African, African–Caribbean or South Asian origin, those with limited sun exposure, or those who cover their skin for cultural reasons. Vitamin A or routine iron supplementation is not recommended during pregnancy and foods containing high levels of vitamin A, such as liver or pate, should be avoided.