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Esterases and Their Industrial Applications
Published in Pankaj Bhatt, Industrial Applications of Microbial Enzymes, 2023
Hamza Rafeeq, Asim Hussain, Ayesha Safdar, Sumaira Shabbir, Muhammad Bilal, Farooq Sher, Marcelo Franco, Hafiz M. N. Iqbal
Hypercholesterol is distinguished by extremely elevated serum cholesterol levels and is a known risk factor for atherosclerosis and CHD in humans (Heidrich et al., 2004). In a study, it was noticed that targeting cholesterol esterase inhibitors may be helpful therapies for limiting the absorption of cholesterol (Ellidag et al., 2014). Multiple myeloma is a cancer of plasma cells, representing 1% of neoplastic and 13% of hematological disorders in the USA. In patients with multiple myeloma, arylesterase functions in the controls and patients with elevated oxidative stress was found to be substantially lower (Howell et al., 2014). The degradation of cocaine in rats and defense against convulsive and fatal effects of cocaine were reported to avoid harmful cocaine effects on the central nervous system (Aïzoun et al., 2013). The function of esterases in the implementation of malaria control strategies has also been established, which assists insecticide resistance to bendiocarb in Anopheles gambiae Tanguieta. Leukocyte esterase has recently been suggested in the synovial fluid as a proxy for periprothesis joint infection (Tischler et al., 2014).
Risk factors, diagnosis and management of prosthetic joint infection after total hip arthroplasty
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2019
Syed S. Ahmed, Fahima Begum, Babar Kayani, Fares S. Haddad
Leukocyte esterase (LE) is an enzyme released by leucocytes in the presence of an infection, thereby making it a reliable biomarker in PJI. It is more frequently known for its use in diagnosing urinary tract infections. Colorimetric reagent strip tests are increasingly being used to detect leucocyte esterase activity in suspected PJI cases, it is a simple test, low cost and has the ability to detect PJI in 1 min. A study conducted showed that a reading of 2+ on the reagent strip had 100% positive predictive value and 100% specificity, and 1+ had 96% specificity and 97% sensitivity [26]. It is accurate in detecting PJI’s, can rule infection in a native joint and has the same sensitivity/specificity as synovial histology [27–29].