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Emerging Technologies and Associated Terminologies
Published in Amalendu Chatterjee, Autonomous and Integrated Parking and Transportation Services, 2019
According to the online dictionary, emulation is ‘when one system performs in exactly the same way as another, though perhaps not at the same speed’. A typical example would be emulation of one computer by (a program running on) another. You might use an emulation as a replacement for a system whereas you would use a simulation if you just wanted to analyze it and make predictions about it. There are two types of emulation – hardware emulation by software and software emulation of hardware. Hardware emulation by software is mostly used to verify complex electronic circuit design for its functional performance. Software emulation can be explained in two contexts. In the first context, one computer system or the host program behaves like another computer system called a guest.49 In the second context, one hardware device function is completely replaced by a software program or cheaper hardware device with a different configuration. For example, the modern email system with the help of computers, Internet connectivity, and a mail server is emulating the traditional mailing system via the US postal service. Similarly, one can think of replacing the street meter and the garage gate with cheaper or simplified substitute devices such as smartphone, geo positional system (GPS), and the computer programs connected by Internet and application servers. Emulation is generally perfected with the help of repeated simulation with variable data of the real environment and prototyping functional characteristics by computer-run programs. This concept of hardware device emulation by software will play a key role when we will speak of new paradigms and new disruption technologies. Such technologies will transform the traffic and parking industries to an automated system of the 21st century, replacing outdated street meters and gates usually called the Parking Access and Revenue Control System (PARCS).
A Theoretical and Experimental Study of a Laboratory Wind Turbine Emulator using DC-Motor Controlled by an FPGA-Based Approach
Published in Electric Power Components and Systems, 2020
Wind Turbine Emulators (WTEs) for simulation and emulation of wind turbine energy conversion systems constitute a strongly solution of this problem. Indeed, to carefully analyze the designed WECS, simulation is considered as a good tool [8]. However, for more realistic evaluation environment of these systems, hardware emulation is required. For the purpose of condition monitoring of wind turbine [9, 10], this system imitates steady-state and dynamic characteristics in a controlled environment. Many research have been developed [11, 12]. The utilized model of WTE should be capable to reproduce some characteristics of real wind turbine since the latter is complicated consisting of different aspects namely aerodynamic, mechanic and electrical [13, 14]. Wind shear effects and tower shadow were discussed in [15–17]. Including turbine inertia, some wind turbine dynamics were considered [18]. In order to develop a comprehensive emulation system, Oh et al. [19], have developed the hardware setup which is equipped with different sensors and devices. However, this topology increases the emulator cost. A simple power curve as a model of wind turbine is adopted in [20].