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Electric Machines
Published in Iqbal Husain, Electric and Hybrid Vehicles, 2021
In electric vehicles, the electric motor is the sole propulsion unit, while in hybrid vehicles, the electric motor and the IC engine together in a series or parallel combination provide the propulsion power. In electric and hybrid vehicles, the electric traction motor converts electrical energy from the energy storage device to mechanical energy that drives the wheels of the vehicle. The major advantages of an electric motor over an IC engine is that the motor provides full torque at low speeds and the instantaneous power rating can be two or three times the rated power of the motor. These characteristics give the vehicle excellent acceleration with a nominally rated motor.
Illustrative Modern Brush Applications
Published in Paul G. Slade, Electrical Contacts, 2017
Wilferd E. Yohe, William A. Nystrom
The motors used on the diesel electric locomotive and similar type applications are referred to as traction motors, which are a special class of the industrial motor. Because of the number of motors involved, reliability, and type of service, they are treated as a separate entity.
Battery Electric, Hybrid Electric, and Fuel Cell Vehicles
Published in G. K. Awari, V. S. Kumbhar, R. B. Tirpude, Automotive Systems, 2021
G. K. Awari, V. S. Kumbhar, R. B. Tirpude
The basic system of HEVs is the prime mover or ICE. This is the main energy storage device for HEVs, it may be a spark ignition, a compression ignition or a fuel cell. The size of the engine depends on application requirements, emission, fuel economy and availability. An HEV consists of the following systems/components: Battery (auxiliary): In an electric drive vehicle, the auxiliary battery provides electricity to start the car before the traction battery is engaged and also powers all vehicle accessories. The auxiliary battery is about 12 V.DC/DC converter: The vehicle accessories and the auxiliary battery require a lower voltage. This device is used for conversion from higher to lower DC power.Electric generator: In some vehicles, an electric generator is used for the generation of the energy for propulsion of the vehicle. It also generates energy from a regenerative braking system.Electric traction motor: Traction motors are used to propel the vehicle.Power electronics controller: This unit controls the speed of the electric traction motor and the torque it produces.Traction battery pack: This works as an energy-storage device for the EV. The stored energy can be utilised for the propulsion of the vehicle. The battery is the essential component of a battery operated vehicle. Battery chemistry is an important factor in terms of range extension and battery life and safety. There are various battery chemistries available, such as lithium-ion batteries.Transmission (electric): The transmission transfers mechanical power from the electric traction motor to drive the wheels. Electrical continuously variable transmission (ECVT) and power split transmission (PST) are used for transmission in HEVs. It consists of more than two planetary gear sets, which provide an additional mechanical power path, so that the electric motor/generator can directly power. (Figure 14.2).
Dynamic performance of locomotive electric drive system under excitation from gear transmission and wheel-rail interaction
Published in Vehicle System Dynamics, 2022
Ziwei Zhou, Zaigang Chen, Maksym Spiryagin, Peter Wolfs, Qing Wu, Wanming Zhai, Colin Cole
Traction motors are the power equipment for supplying the traction or braking forces to the railway locomotive wheelsets running on the track by converting the energy between the electrical and mechanical transmission subsystems [1]. In the mechanical transmission system, the rotational motions and forces are transmitted from the traction motor to the wheelset through the gear transmission set [2]. It can be seen that the electrical subsystem and the mechanical subsystem interact intensely due to the electromechanical coupling effects. The fluctuation of the traction motor electrical system parameters, such as harmonic current and voltage which are caused by non-linear characteristics of circuits [3], will affect the output electromagnetic torque, thus affecting the dynamic performance of the locomotive mechanical system. Conversely, the dynamic responses of the mechanical subsystem under the action of external or internal excitation, such as the track irregularities, the gear time-varying mesh stiffness and transmission errors, will also affect the dynamic behaviour of the electrical subsystem of the traction motor. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the coupling mechanism between the electrical and the mechanical subsystems, so as to be able to control the wheel-rail adhesion efficiently and monitor conditions of the mechanical or the wheel-rail defects directly through the electrical dynamic responses caused by the mechanical subsystem.
Adaptive design and implementation of fractional order PI controller for a multi-source (Battery/UC/FC) hybrid electric vehicle
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2022
Daud Sibtain, Muhammad Ahsan Mushtaq, Ali F. Murtaza
The electric motor is the alternative mean of propulsion in HEV and is the vital component. Continuously varying driving, as well as load conditions of HEV, demand a durable and highly efficient motor. There are different kinds of traction motors that manufacturers are opting for like permanent magnet synchronous motor, Brushless DC motor, switched reluctance motors, and 3-phase induction motor, etc (Sedef et al. 2014).