China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Configuration and Management of Networked Embedded Devices
Published in Richard Zurawski, Networked Embedded Systems, 2017
The advent of embedded microcontrollers and the possibility to equip them with small, fast, and low-cost network interfaces has allowed forming smart distributed systems consisting of a set of networked-embedded devices. The main reasons to build a system in a distributed way are the possibility to have redundancy and to exploit parallelism. In the context of embedded networks, a distributed system also supports the following applications: Distributed sensing with smart transducers. A smart transducer is an integration of sensor/actuator, processing element, and network interface. Smart transducers perform a local preprocessing of the analog sensor signal and transmit the measurement digitally via the network.Systems that integrate legacy systems, which cannot be extended or changed due to legal or closed system issues. Thus, the unchanged legacy system is integrated as a subsystem into a network establishing a larger overall system.Complexity management by dividing the overall applications into several subsystems with separate hardware and software.
Smart Transducer Interface Standard for Sensors and Actuators
Published in Richard Zurawski, Industrial Communication Technology Handbook, 2017
In order to develop a sensor interface standard, a smart transducer model should first be defined. As defined in the IEEE Std 1451.2-1997 [3], a smart transducer is a transducer that provides functions beyond those necessary for generating a correct representation of a sensed or controlled quantity. This functionality typically simplifies the integration of the transducer into applications in a networked environment. Thus, let us consider the functional capability of a smart transducer. A smart transducer should have
Geometric modifications to bluff body for enhanced performance in a wind-induced vibration energy harvester
Published in Mechanics of Advanced Materials and Structures, 2023
Anjani Kumar Sagar, Jitendra Adhikari, Reeta Chauhan, Rajeev Kumar
Renewable energy sources have always been demonstrated to be safe, clean, and environmentally friendly for the long term, but conventional energy sources are destructive to the environment due to their polluting nature and limited supply. Energy requirements for many standalone devices such as wireless and other electronic systems are mostly dependent on conventional battery sources, which have high cost and smaller life hence, the demand for renewable energy solutions fostering to the research focusing the sustainable energy sources. Energy harvesting is a technique where we can provide energy to the standalone systems in the same place where they are installed by capturing energy which is available around such systems by renewable means that can leads to self-powering of such applications. Energy is harvested in many forms from the environment, including vibrations, light, heat, magnetic effect, and human motion, among others [1]. Vibration-based energy harvesting is being studied by many researchers because it has the large potential to harvest wind energy that is always available around us. These aerodynamic vibrations from wind can be utilized using piezoelectric materials. Piezoelectric materials are the smart transducer materials which can convert small deformation in its geometry into the voltage and vice versa [2]. Piezoelectric transducers with newly invented advanced materials have shown great potential for several applications such as nanoelectronics advancement [3] and energy harvesting based on nano composite flexible films and nanogenerator sensors for human motion [4] and wearable devices [5–7].
A functional BCI model by the P2731 working group: control interface
Published in Brain-Computer Interfaces, 2021
Chuck Easttom, Luigi Bianchi, Davide Valeriani, Chang S. Nam, Ali Hossaini, Dariusz Zapała, Avid Roman-Gonzalez, Avinash K Singh, Alberto Antonietti, Guillermo Sahonero-Alvarez, Pradeep Balachandran
There currently exist frameworks for the design of BCI [7]. Such frameworks tend to be focused on specific BCI applications. This means that while such frameworks are quite effective, their efficacy may not be broadly applicable to the diverse areas of BCI research. The current study is focused specifically on the control interface. The term control interface was first applied to BCI in 2003 by Mason and Birch [7]. The Control Interface (CI) collects data extracted by the signal processing of the transducer in a BCI system. (Please see the paper on the transducer from IEEE P2731 workgroup also in this special issue.) And the control interface also sends data back to the transducer, usually in the form of feedback. Transducers tend to alternate between sending signals and receiving feedback [10]. There are existing standards that support transducer interfaces, including the IEEE P1451.5 Standard for a Smart Transducer Interface [11].
An overview of current technologies and emerging trends in factory automation
Published in International Journal of Production Research, 2019
Mariagrazia Dotoli, Alexander Fay, Marek Miśkowicz, Carla Seatzu
In fact, in factory automation applications, one of the key issues when using WSNs is their standardisation. The standardisation process is focused in two main directions: network protocol and sensor interface. First, IEEE 802.15 Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) defines standards for wireless networks including Bluetooth (802.15.1), UWB (802.15.3) and ZigBee (802.15.4). In particular, the IEEE 802.15.4 standard has been designed as an industry standard to focus on short-distance data range, low data rate, energy efficiency, and low cost. It uses the AES-128 algorithm that provides a robust, state-of-the-art message frame security (Islam, Shen, and Wang 2012). Second, IEEE 1451 is the family of standards for a networked smart transducer interface which provides the common interface and enabling technology for the connectivity of transducers to control devices, data acquisition systems and fieldbus.