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Introduction to Solar Energy Conversion
Published in D. Yogi Goswami, Principles of Solar Engineering, 2023
Another method of direct conversion of sunlight to electricity takes advantage of the electromagnetic wave nature of sunlight as opposed to the quantum nature used in conventional PV. This concept proposes using nanoscale and microscale antennas (size of the order of the wavelength of radiation) to convert solar and ambient radiation into electricity (Goswami et al. 2004). The proposed panel would consist of billions of such antennas coupled with rectifiers. The combined antenna and rectifier structure is known as a rectenna. The theoretical efficiency of a rectenna is in the range of 80â90%. An efficiency of greater than 80% was demonstrated for a rectenna converting radiation at a frequency of 2.4 GHz to electricity (Brown 1984). However, since the frequency of visible solar radiation is in the range of 300 THz, which would require a five-orders-of-magnitude size reduction of antennas and a totally different concept of the rectifier, development of this concept for converting solar energy is no simple task and is expected to take probably a decade or longer to become practical.
Rectennas for RFEH Systems
Published in Taimoor Khan Nasimuddin, Yahia M.M. Antar, Elements of Radio Frequency Energy Harvesting and Wireless Power Transfer Systems, 2020
Taimoor Khan Nasimuddin, Yahia M.M. Antar
Fast progress in the wireless devices and systems and the demands of low-power electronic sensors, integrated circuits, and devices have increased drastically. Various research trends have tended to study the feasibility of powering these low-power devices by harvesting ambient/free radio frequency (RF) energy from ambient electromagnetic in environment from various RF sources. Recently, RFEH (RF energy harvesting) technology has received much attention for utilizing clean and renewable power sources. Rectenna (rectifying antenna) system can be used for remotely charging batteries in several sensor networks for Internet of Things (IoT) applications, which are commonly used in smart buildings, implanted medical devices, and automotive applications. Rectenna, which is used to convert RF energy into usable DC electrical energy, is mainly a combination between a receiving antenna and a rectifier circuit. This chapter presents several designs for circularly polarized (CP) rectennas, millimeter-wave rectennas, and wideband, multiband, high-efficiency, and low-power rectennas with different characteristics for RFEH applications.
Nano Dielectric Resonator Antenna (NDRA)
Published in Rajveer S. Yaduvanshi, Gaurav Varshney, Nano Dielectric Resonator Antennas for 5G Applications, 2020
Rajveer S. Yaduvanshi, Gaurav Varshney
There are many advanced applications of quantum antennas at THz frequencies such as: Imaging for pattern recognition with higher resolution of images, such as biosensor spectroscopy.Large band width for 5G mobile communication.Compact size for wearable, secured communication due to encryption.Higher order modes for dimension scaling, i.e., miniaturization.Defense applications, i.e., detection of size of aircraft.On chip communication explosive detection.Detection of any metallic object carried by any person at airport without manual searchAt airport, advanced landing system during bad weather.Rectenna for energy harvesting, i.e., renewable energy source. Nano antenna can receive direct optical energy.Biological sensor detection.Comprehensive integrated border management system.Rectennas work the whole day (day and night) and are not sensitive to the weather conditions. Applications of rectennas can be Drones, e-cars, and sensors.
A triple band circularly polarized rectenna for RF energy harvesting
Published in Electromagnetics, 2019
Neeta Singh, Binod Kumar Kanaujia, Mirza Tariq Beg, Sachin Kumar
Recently, the emerging Internet of Things (IoT) has shown significant development in the area of wireless communication, smart environment monitoring, biomedical health services and manufacturing industry. The battery is usually used to power up GPS, RFID, wireless sensors and nodes present in the IoT systems. However, the battery needs frequent charging and has a limited operational life. Therefore, it is not preferred to use it as a secondary source of power and a self-sustainable, eco-friendly and non-conventional energy source is required. A rectenna can be a cost-effective and efficient solution to power up the recent IoT components. A rectenna is comprised of a rectifier, sensing antenna, low pass filter (LPF) and matching circuitry, which collects RF energy from the surroundings and convert it into suitable DC power.
Design and simulation of a novel 3-point star rectifying antenna for RF energy harvesting at 2.4 GHz
Published in Cogent Engineering, 2021
J. O Olowoleni, C. O. A Awosope, A. U Adoghe, Okoyeigbo Obinna, Udochukwu Ebubechukwu Udo
The rectifying antenna (a.k.a. rectenna) is a highly critical technology with respect to the important role it plays in the realization of wireless power transfer via electromagnetic (EM) radiation. The rectenna, as the name suggests, is essentially an integration of an antenna and a corresponding rectifier into a single circuit for which the energy component of ambient electromagnetic signals may be captured and rectified into useable DC power for charging or powering a load device (Brown, 1984).
Key Components of Rectenna System: A Comprehensive Survey
Published in IETE Journal of Research, 2022
Daasari Surender, Taimoor Khan, Fazal A. Talukdar, Asok De, Yahia M.M. Antar, Al. P. Freundorfer
Advancements in the field of wireless technologies have led to the development of various wireless technologies such as internet of things (IoT), 5G systems, RFID Tags, wearable/ portable devices, which demand efficient electronic devices for their effective implementation. These technologies involve sensors that are deployed at remote places with the capacity of interacting with each other through wireless media. However, it is difficult to provide endless power to these devices with conventional approaches like by a battery or through wired cables [1]. Also, the lifetime of the battery is limited, so the frequent replacements of the battery is needed. This increases the additional expenditure on the system and may cause environmental pollution. Sometimes, replacing the battery placed at an inaccessible place, becomes impossible. To overcome these limitations, energy harvesting (EH) techniques have grabbed significant attention globally [1]. Different energy harvesting approaches available, based on type of sources, are as follows: solar EH, wind EH, acoustic EH, thermal EH, mechanical EH, radio frequency (RF) EH, etc. Among all energy harvesting techniques, radio-frequency energy harvesting (RFEH) is a more prominent technique due to an increasing availability of RF energy emanating from different widely available radio transmitters. Besides, by virtue of limited space requirement for installing the harvesting system, RFEH systems can be operated efficiently in the indoor atmosphere. However, low power density is the main limitation in the RFEH approach. The rectenna is an essential component for converting ambient electromagnetic radiation into a usable form of electrical direct current (DC). In 1960âēs, the concept of the rectenna was initially proposed by William C. Brown for wireless power transfer applications [2]. Wireless transmission is useful to power electrical devices in cases where interconnecting wires are inconvenient, hazardous, or are not feasible. Finally, a rectenna device was implemented in 1964 and patented in 1969 by William C. Brown [3]. At that time, the size of the rectenna was very large. Since the invention of rectenna, tremendous research has been carried out to improve the rectenna performance by reducing the size. Later on, applications of rectenna are extended to wireless energy harvesting (WEH), wireless sensor networks (WSN) and implantable devices. However, rectennas are suffering from larger dimensions and low rectenna efficiency.