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Recognizing, Evaluating, and Controlling Workplace Hazards
Published in Frances Alston, Emily J. Millikin, Willie Piispanen, Industrial Hygiene, 2018
Frances Alston, Emily J. Millikin, Willie Piispanen
Radiological hazards may include both ionizing and nonionizing radiation, which can be harmful to humans through general exposure, inhalation, and ingestion. Common examples of radiological hazards include microwaves, diagnostic x-rays, and work processes that use or generate radiological contaminants or nondestructive magnetic examination techniques that use radiation.
Multidomain Feature Level Fusion for Classification of Lumbar Intervertebral Disc Using Spine MR Images
Published in IETE Journal of Research, 2022
J. V. Shinde, Y. V. Joshi, R. R. Manthalkar
In particular, for the clinical level diagnosis and detection, images play a vital role in segregating the discs as per existent degeneration. In the literature, fifteen classification/grading systems using radiological imaging are observed out of which, six methods employ X-ray images and eight methods exploit MRI information and one utilizes both X-ray and MRI modalities. The X-ray grading systems possess grading in 0–2 or 1–4 range. These systems infer the decision based upon the assessment of indirect features of disc, namely osteophytes, endplate sclerosis, and disc height. The popular MRI grading systems categorize the discs into 0–3 or 1–8 scale. The classification depends on internal features viz. height of the disc, nuclear signal, as well as dissimilarity among annulus and nucleus. It is evident from the literature that compared to X-ray image-based grading; Pfirrmann’s categorization method is popularly utilized.
Experimental and Computational Dose Rate Evaluation Using SN and Monte Carlo Method for a Packaged 241AmBe Neutron Source
Published in Nuclear Science and Engineering, 2021
Meng-Jen (Vince) Wang, Glenn E. Sjoden
All the neutron/photon dose rate calculations in this work are performed by multiplying the neutron and photon fluxes by the flux-to-dose conversion factors from the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP)/National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP) (Ref. 23) or American National Standards Institute (ANSI): ANS-6.1.1aANS-6.1.1, “Neutron and Gamma-Ray Fluence-to-Dose Factors,” American Nuclear Society, La Grange Park, Illinois. (Ref. 23). The neutron/photon flux-to-dose conversion factors are shown in Figs. 8 and 9 with the corresponding linearly interpolated values adapted to the BUGLE96 neutron/photon cross-section group structures shown in Tables I and Tables II. We note that Monte Carlo flux tallies derived using the MCNP6 code were adapted to the same group structure as the multigroup PENTRAN results to enable ready comparison.
Simulating Properties of Canadian Research Reactor Fuels Important to Disposal
Published in Nuclear Science and Engineering, 2023
Aaron Barry, Markus H. A. Piro
Unlike other fuel properties, the risk of over pressurization from helium generation increases with time, as helium continues to be generated from alpha decay, though the radiological consequences may diminish as radionuclides decay. It appears that Canadian research reactor fuels do not pose a greater threat to disposal container over pressurization from helium generation relative to CANDU fuel.