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Borate Phosphors for Radiation Dosimetery
Published in S. K. Omanwar, R. P. Sonekar, N. S. Bajaj, Borate Phosphors, 2022
Non-ionizing radiation has less energy than ionizing radiation; it does not possess enough energy to produce ions. It therefore will not produce breaks in body cells and DNA and does not lead to cancer related to radiation exposure. Examples of non-ionizing radiation are visible light, infrared, radio waves, microwaves and sunlight.
Effective Brain Computer Interface Based on the Adaptive-Rate Processing and Classification of Motor Imagery Tasks
Published in Mridu Sahu, G. R. Sinha, Brain and Behavior Computing, 2021
Saeed Mian Qaisar, Reem Ramadan, Humaira Nisar
The need for brain scanning was a demand in the field of medicine. From the viewpoint of epilepsy (an abnormality in the electrical brain activity [41]), it motivated medical doctors to understand the way brains behave. The first approach considered was in 1895, by physicist Wilhelm Roentgen, using the technology of the clinical x-ray [42]. The clinical x-ray (also known as radiography) uses ionizing radiation to generate images of the body. However, an x-ray can raise health risks; also, the brain tissues remain invisible in an x-ray. In this framework, a variety of methods have been suggested as a replacement of the x-ray such as electroencephalography and magnetoencephalography.
Rules and tools
Published in Chris Schelvan, Annabel Copeman, Jacky Davis, Annmarie Jeanes, Jane Young, Paediatric Radiology for MRCPCH and FRCR, 2020
Chris Schelvan, Annabel Copeman, Jacky Davis, Annmarie Jeanes, Jane Young
Plain radiographs, fluoroscopy, CT and nuclear medicine imaging all involve some form of ionizing radiation, i.e. X-rays, gamma rays and beta particles. MRI does not involve ionizing radiation, using instead proton ‘density’ and magnetization characteristics of tissues. Ultrasound is one of the most frequently used imaging modalities in children because:It involves no radiation, using soundwave technology.It is relatively quick and portable.Image quality is usually excellent, because children are smaller and generally have less body fat than adults.
Fabrication and characterization of jute cotton blended fabrics reinforced UPR based composite: effect of gamma radiation and reactive dye
Published in Radiation Effects and Defects in Solids, 2021
Md. Tarik Hossain, Md. Sahadat Hossain, Samina Ahmed, Ruhul A. Khan, A.M. Sarwaruddin Chowdhury
Ionizing radiation is the radiation that carries sufficient energy to liberate electrons from atoms or molecules and hence ionize them. On the other hand, non-ionizing radiations do not carry sufficient energy to liberate electrons completely from the atoms or molecules. Ionizing radiation is made up of energetic subatomic particles, ions, and atoms moving at high speeds. Gamma radiation is well known for its ionizing ability with high penetrating capacity. It is widely used in polymer-based composites for the cross-linking of the polymer. Gamma radiation produces free radicals in the polymer chain and thus helps to cross-link inside the polymer. Gamma irradiated composites ultimately augment the physic-mechanical properties of natural fiber-reinforced composites (11, 16, 20–22).
Effect of geochemical properties (pH, conductivity, TDS) on natural radioactivity and dose estimation in water samples in Kulim, Malaysia
Published in Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 2019
Nisar Ahmad, Jalil ur Rehman, Javed Rehman, Gulfam Nasar
Humans are naturally exposed to ionizing radiation coming from different sources such as cosmic rays and natural radioanuclides in food, air and water. It has been reported that natural radionuclides in water provides information, from which average radiation exposure from different sources can be estimated (El Arabi et al.2006). Water contamination can be due to deposition of waste materials introduced into the atmosphere, discharge directly into surface or subsurface, and due to waste, placed on or in the ground. Contaminants of ground may be mobilized eventually by groundwater or erosion surface waters are coupled to subsurface aquifers, soils and the atmosphere (Almayahi et al. 2012). The presence of high radiotoxicity of radionuclides in water and the associated health risks needs special attention. Approximately 20% of radium is absorbed in bloodstream, when ingested by humans and then distributed initially in bone and soft tissues, but remains for long time in growing bone (Ahmad et al. 2015a; Akiko 2001). Studies show that different kinds of fatal cancers due to radon, a progeny of radium, ingested from drinking water may be equal to total lungs cancer due to inhalation of radon.
Influence of gamma ray radiation on two-dimensional sub-threshold current of strained Si nano NMOSFET
Published in Radiation Effects and Defects in Solids, 2019
Minru Hao, Haiwei Fu, Yan Zhang, Feng Hao, Guoxiang Chen, Huiyong Hu, Chenguang Liao, Yan Li
Ionizing radiation can cause a large amount of charge accumulation in these oxides and insulators, and resulting in device degradation and failure. In the past 30 years, the effects of total ionization doses on radiation-induced charge accumulation in oxides have been studied in detail (9). Therefore, it is of great significance to study the irradiation electrical characteristics and the irradiation hardening technology of strained silicon device (10–13). However, the sub-threshold characteristic is an important parameter for small size devices. A number of papers reported about current of the MOS device under the radiation effect (14–17), which were based on experiment but lack of mature theory. Because uniaxial strained is more suitable for manufacturing CMOS integrated circuits than biaxial strain and its cost is lower, the research on irradiation characteristics and radiation hardening technology of uniaxial strain Si Nano-Si MOSFE devices has important practical application value. The research content can be used for Nano-scale uniaxial strained Si NMOSFE. The reliability of strain integrated devices and the application of circuits provide valuable theoretical guidance and practical basis.