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Introduction to Interfacing
Published in Francis Rumsey, John Watkinson, Digital Interface Handbook, 2013
Francis Rumsey, John Watkinson
Unbalanced serial interfaces such as RS-232 are not used in audio and video systems, since they are not designed for the high data rates and long distances involved, and are more suited to telecommunications. The voltages involved in an RS-232 interface can be up to 25V, and thus it is not recommended that one should interconnect an RS-232 output with an RS-422 input (which may be damaged by anything above around 12 volts). An RS-422 interface is designed to carry data at rates up to 100 kbaud over a distance of 1200 metres. Above this rate the distance which may be covered satisfactorily drops with increasing baud rate, as shown in Figure 1.15, depending on whether the line is terminated or not (see section 1.7.3).
Serial Communications
Published in Viktor Boed, Ira Goldschmidt, Robert Hobbs, John J. McGowan, Roberto Meinrath, Frantisek Zezulka, of Facilities Automation Systems, 1999
EIA standard RS-422 describes the “Electrical Characteristics of Balanced-Voltage Digital Interface Circuits.” The maximum transmission speed is up to 10 Mbaud for a cable length of about 30 ft, or up to 100 kbaud for a maximum cable length of 4000 ft. The maximum common mode signal voltage is -7 to +7 V; the output voltage for open circuit is less then 6 V, and the minimum differential voltage of the receiver input is 200 mV. Due to the characteristics of the RS-422 interface, they are also used for higher speed baseband data communications.
Computers
Published in John G. Webster, Halit Eren, Measurement, Instrumentation, and Sensors Handbook, 2017
A.M. MacLeod, P.F. Martin, W.A. Gillespie
RS-485 is based on RS-422 and allows up to 32 driver/receiver pairs to be connected to a common data bus (two-twisted pairs). Clearly, only one device can be allowed to transmit at any one time. The RTS circuit is used to disable the other transmitters connected to the bus if a device is required to transmit data. Handshaking is performed using software.
Novel instrumentation for high-impedance electromotive force (EMF) measurements
Published in Instrumentation Science & Technology, 2023
Ajay Kumar Keshari, J. Prabhakar Rao, Rajesh Ganesan
Solid electrolytes offer high cell resistance and hence electrometers with an input impedance exceeding 1014 Ω are used for the EMF measurements. A literature survey on the measurement techniques revealed hardware details that measure the signals from the cell and send data to the PC through a serial port using signal conditioning and a data processing module.[8–13] The measurements are collected on a PC through data acquisition software.[14–17] Various techniques measure the response of the electrochemical cells. The serial ports for data transmission from the hardware to the PC include RS-232, RS-422, and RS-488.[18–21] The data acquisition software is used to collect the data in a file through a serial port from the hardware and have various features for the analysis of the data to allow the smooth operation.[22–26]
Online condition monitoring system for rotating machine elements using edge computing
Published in Australian Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2023
N. D. Pagar, S. S. Gawde, S. B. Sanap
Modbus communicates through a variety of physical media, including Ethernet, Serial RS-232, Serial RS-485, and Serial RS-422. Multiple devices can be connected to a single multi-drop network. Devices that use the Modbus interface utilising the Master-Slave method can handle up to 247 slaves.