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Sensor Networks and Communication
Published in John G. Webster, Halit Eren, Measurement, Instrumentation, and Sensors Handbook, 2017
RS-232 (ANSI/EIA/TIA-232-E-91) is a widely used method of communication, which has been standardized in a variety of places including the Electronics Industry Association [3]. RS-232 represents elements of layer 1 of the OSI model, for communicating between two (and only two) stations. RS-232 provides a separate wire for transmission of data in each direction between the two stations and gives the two stations different designations—data terminal equipment (DTE) and data communications equipment (DCE)—so that a method exists to distinguish which station will use which wire to transmit and receive. The signal levels for RS-232 represent a digital 1 bit as a voltage in the range of 5–12 V on the wire and a digital 0 bit as a voltage of negative 5–12 V on the wire. RS-232 is typically implemented in a full-duplex fashion, since each station can transmit to the other simultaneously using separate wires. RS-232 can be made to operate at a variety of bit rates but typically is used at bit rates from 300 bit/s up to 115,200 bit/s.
Digital Test Equipment and Measurement Systems
Published in Jerry C. Whitaker, Electronic Systems Maintenance Handbook, 2017
There are two primary nonproprietary types of computer interface systems used to connect test instruments and computers: IEEE-488 and RS-232. The IEEE-488 format is also called the general purpose interface bus (GPIB) or the Hewlett Packard interface bus (HPIB). RS-232 is the standard serial interface used on many computers. The two interface systems each have their own advantages. Both provide for connection of a computer to one or more measuring instruments. Both are bidirectional, which allows the computer to either send information or receive it from the outside world. Some systems provide both interfaces, but most have one or the other.
Signal Conversion Methods
Published in Clarence W. de Silva, Sensor Systems, 2016
Here are some acronyms that are used in the context of computer hardware, operation, and communication: SCSI: small computer system interface. Standards and protocols for connecting and transferring data between computers and peripheral devices such as hard drives, CD drives, and scanners.EISA: extended industry standard architecture. A bus standard for PCs.PCI bus: A popular bus of a PC for connecting hardware devices in it and data transfer between them.Internal bus: A bus for connecting the internal hardware of a computer. Also known as system bus and front-side bus.External bus: A bus for connecting external hardware to a computer. Also known as expansion bus.USB: universal serial bus. A computer bus for connection and communication with peripheral devices.FIFO: first in, first out. A method for arranging data in a buffer or stack, where the oldest data (bottom of the stack) are processed first.DMA: direct memory access. Capability where a hardware component in the computer can directly access the computer memory (without going through the CPU).RS-232: A standard for serial communication of data.RS-422: Extends the range of RS-232 connections.UART: universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter. A hardware component that converts data between parallel and serial forms for transmission. Commonly used with RS-232 and RS-422.TCP/IP: transmission control protocol (TCP) is a core communication protocol of the Internet protocol (IP) suite. This is a protocol for network communication. More reliable at the expense of speed.UDP: user datagram protocol. A communication protocol in the IP suite. Faster, at the expense of reliability.
Optimizing latency time of the AR system through glyph detection
Published in International Journal of Computers and Applications, 2019
Suman Bhakar, Devershi Pallavi Bhatt
The RS 232 protocol transmits and receives the serial data between two systems. Figure 4 shows that the CPU sends 8 bit binary bit + 1 start bit + 1 stop bit through serial communication (Data Transmit Equipment) at baud rate 9600 bit/second to the microcontroller. The microcontroller received data (R×D) and transmits the ‘2’ 8 bit + 1 start bit + 1 stop bit to CPU through the serial port. To calculate the actual transmission flow rate through the RS 232 protocol, the first step is to enable the CPU microsecond timer with a baud rate of 9600 bit/second and open the serial port communication. The second step is CPU transmits the data (T×D) H = 72(ASCII) to the microcontroller. Binary representation of data bit at (T×D) is (0/1 0100 1000 0/1) where 0/1 is the start bit, 8 bit binary bit, and 0/1 stop bit. The microcontroller receives the 10 bit and transmit ‘2’ 8 bit + 1 start bit + 1 stop bit to application (central processing unit). Total transmit and receive time of system through RS 232 is 2.4 milliseconds.