China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Hardware for automation
Published in Benny Raphael, Construction and Building Automation, 2023
The USB port on a modern computers has four pins: 1) power; 2) data return; 3) data +; and 4) ground. See Figure 2.44 for a picture of the USB connector with the pins exposed. The pins 2 and 3 are used for serial data transmission using TTL. There is simple hardware that can be used to connect a serial port to USB; this converter can be used to send data from a peripheral device having a serial port to a computer with USB port. See Figure 2.45. There are two pins labeled TX and RX in this device. These are for transmitting and receiving data. These pins are connected to the corresponding pins of the peripheral device and the data can be read through the USB port of the computer.
Programmable Logic Controller (PLC)
Published in Chanchal Dey, Sunit Kumar Sen, Industrial Automation Technologies, 2020
The most preferred serial standard for data communication is RS-232, the others being RS-422 and RS-423. In communication with RS-232, devices may be Data Terminal Equipment (DTE) and Data Communication Equipment (DCE). Depending on the application, PLC can behave as either DTE or DCE. For example, in case of communication between field instruments with PLC, the role of PLC may be considered as DTE. Alternatively, if PLC communicates with PC (HMI), then the role of PLC is identical to DCE.
Hardware Design
Published in Chandrasekar Vuppalapati, Building Enterprise IoT Applications, 2019
Serial communication is used to exchange data between the Arduino board and another serial devices such as computers, displays, sensors and more. Each Arduino board has at least one serial port. Serial communication occurs on digital pins 0 (RX) and 1 (TX) as well as via USB. Arduino also supports serial communication through digital pins with the Software Serial Library. This allows the user to connect multiple serial-enabled devices and leave the main serial port available for the USB.
Novel instrumentation for high-impedance electromotive force (EMF) measurements
Published in Instrumentation Science & Technology, 2023
Ajay Kumar Keshari, J. Prabhakar Rao, Rajesh Ganesan
Solid electrolytes offer high cell resistance and hence electrometers with an input impedance exceeding 1014 Ω are used for the EMF measurements. A literature survey on the measurement techniques revealed hardware details that measure the signals from the cell and send data to the PC through a serial port using signal conditioning and a data processing module.[8–13] The measurements are collected on a PC through data acquisition software.[14–17] Various techniques measure the response of the electrochemical cells. The serial ports for data transmission from the hardware to the PC include RS-232, RS-422, and RS-488.[18–21] The data acquisition software is used to collect the data in a file through a serial port from the hardware and have various features for the analysis of the data to allow the smooth operation.[22–26]
SCADA Research Lab Kit for Educational Institutes
Published in IETE Journal of Education, 2019
Lagineni Mahendra, Rajesh Kalluri, R.K. Senthil Kumar, B.S. Bindhumadhava, G.L. Ganga Prasad
SCADA protocols are designed to be very compact. Legacy protocols like MODBUS serial, IEC 60870-5-101, and DNP3 serial protocols communicate over serial (RS-232/RS-485) connection. Due to baud rates problems in serial communication, TCP version protocols like MODBUS TCP, DNP3 TCP, and IEC 60870-5-104 protocols came into modern SCADA system. Different devices may support different standard serial and standard TCP protocols. So there is a need to explore the development of SCADA interoperability framework, to co-locate the legacy protocol compliant devices with a today SCADA system. Figure 11 shows the need of various autonomic real-time multiprotocol gateways to co-locate existing hardware with today’s SCADA system. As discussed in previous section all these standard SCADA communication protocols vulnerable for various attacks, now it is a need of the hour to explore autonomic real-time secure interoperable gateways, which can address both security and interoperability issues with minimal latency. SCADA lab helps in exploring various interoperability and security solutions.
Attitude stability control system of mobile robot mechanism based on nanosensor
Published in Journal of Control and Decision, 2023
Dongfang Song, Hong Ji, Guanfei Yin
Baud rate is a measure of the signal transmission rate. The baud rate is the speed at which data are sent through a communication channel. When describing devices that employ serial transmission, the term ‘baud rate’ is frequently used. The baud rate is related to the transmission distance of the serial port. The farther the distance is, the lower the baud rate is. The baud rate is set at 38,400 bps.