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Digital joint ROM measurement tool for geriatric rehabilitation assessment
Published in Shin-ya Nishizaki, Masayuki Numao, Jaime Caro, Merlin Teodosia Suarez, Theory and Practice of Computation, 2019
C.Y. Ong, M.M. Paragas, B.C. Huang
Goniometry is an important part in joint examinations in which measures and records the amount of active and passive joint motion of a patient. The obtained goniometric data can provide basis for diagnosis of impairments modification of physical rehabilitation treatments, and progress evaluation. Range of Motion (ROM), the arc of motion in degrees occurring in a single or series of joints, is one of the parameters being observed and measured in goniometry (Norkin & White, 2003). Currently, ROM is typically recorded and measured manually using a handheld device called a goniometer. Goniometers obtain the patient’s quantifiable baseline range of motion measurement around a specific joint (Chen et al. 2015). Humans are subject to errors, thus there are a lot of criteria that may affect goniometric measurements, one of which is reliability—refers to consistency of the gathered measurements. Other factors would also come into play such as improper alignment, misidentification of bony landmarks, and variations in manual force that would contribute to goniometric error. Thus, a standardized method should be followed to get a minimal error in measurement.
Body Systems: The Basics
Published in Karen L. LaBat, Karen S. Ryan, Human Body, 2019
This approach works well for large joints and body segments. The disadvantage is that you can only measure one joint at a time. ROM is usually described for a pair of actions, specifying a particular joint, plane, and the extent of the movement for the actions. Motions that occur in a transverse (horizontal) plane, such as lateral/medial rotation of the head/neck on the torso, are usually measured as deviations from a perpendicular plane through the neutral joint position. Many disciplines collect motion data for varying purposes. Recording systems and reporting formats may vary. When looking at ROM numbers, find out which system was used to collect and report the data in order to interpret and use results effectively.
The Concept of Muscular Mechanics
Published in Emeric Arus, Biomechanics of Human Motion, 2017
Mobility and range of motion (RoM) are strictly related to kinematic chains. Mobility refers to articulations/ligaments (ease of motion). RoM is described as the angular displacement through which two adjacent segments move. RoM is given either in degrees or in radians. The maximal or end of RoM refers to the position where a segment cannot be moved without harming the joint itself. It should be clarified that mobility, flexibility, and elasticity have different meanings. Mobility refers to ligaments, flexibility refers to bones, and elasticity refers to the property of the muscles.
Foot and ankle joint movements of dancers and non-dancers: a comparative study
Published in Sports Biomechanics, 2019
Ho-Jung Cho, Soyeon Kim, Joon-Yong Jung, Dai-Soon Kwak
Dancers are required to perform more extreme range of motion (ROM), compared with non-dancers, whilst they execute various technical movements during performance or practice. Hence, many researchers have studied the joint movement and injuries of dancers (Backer & Kofoed, 1989; Bronner, Ojofeitimi, & Rose, 2003; Campoy et al., 2011; Gamboa, Roberts, Maring, & Fergus, 2008; Hamilton, Hamilton, Marshall, & Molnar, 1992; Leanderson et al., 2011; Luke et al., 2002; Russell, Kruse, Nevill, Koutedakis, & Wyon, 2010; Russell, Shave, Kruse, Koutedakis, & Wyon, 2011a; Steinberg et al., 2006, 2012; Steinberg, Hershkovitz, Zeev, Rothschild, & Siev-Ner, 2016; Wiesler, Hunter, Martin, Curl, & Hoen, 1996). Several factors determine ROM, including the shape of the articular surface and capsule, ligamentous structures, bony surface structures, muscle fat content, muscle tension and heredity (Koutedakis & Jamurtas, 2004; Steinberg et al., 2016). These factors, except heredity, are prone to changes with excessive training, which, therefore, may lead to differences in movement pattern between dancers and non-dancers. For this reason, the foot and ankle joint movement of dancers should be researched with a perspective different from that used when investigating non-dancers.
Concept and simulation of an alternative design for an orthopaedic shoulder implant
Published in Journal of Medical Engineering & Technology, 2022
This article presents a novel shoulder implant for the glenohumeral joint that improves upon the design of current implants. The design will include features that have been proven to increase range of motion (ROM), comfort, ease of implementation and reduce failure rates, complications and wear. The implant should be designed for the 5th to 95th percentile of the population [10] to suit the majority of patients. Other factors such as the ease of manufacture, simplicity and cost are also considered. The shoulder implant is required to adhere to the legal and ethical legislation of The Medical Devices Regulations 2021 and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for product conformity.
Is there an association between joint range of motion and muscle strength in young female dancers? And, does it depend on the effects of age and menarche?
Published in Research in Sports Medicine, 2022
Nili Steinberg, Itzhak Siev-Ner, Aviva Zeev, Shay Tenenbaum
Dancers are required to have the high fitness level and high physical capacities needed for performance excellence. Dance performance requires support from enhanced physiological systems, including muscular strength and large joint range of motion (Malkogeorgos et al., 2013; McCormack et al., 2019; Moita et al., 2017). The term joint range of motion (ROM) refers to the range available in a single joint (Magee, 2013). Several factors affect joint ROM in a particular joint, including ligamentous structures and muscle tension (Koutedakis & Jamurtas, 2004). Among dancers, increased joint ROM can create the illusion of perfect movements or positions and therefore has been identified as an important predictor of dance performance, whereas loss of motion may alter the biomechanics of dance movements and may be associated with pain and dysfunction (Srhoj, 2002). As for muscle strength, Gamboa et al. (2008) highlighted the importance of strength in young dancers and explained that decreased lower extremity strength is a crucial distinguishing factor between injured and non-injured dancers. The need for sufficient muscle strength in order to prevent injury in young dancers has been explained by the finding that, as most injuries to the lower extremity occur due to diminished hip and knee muscle strength and “around the joint” muscle imbalance (K. L. Bennell et al., 2001; Glaviano & Saliba, 2016; Myer et al., 2006; Stracciolini et al., 2016). Yet, even professional dancers may present only limited muscular strength and limited muscular balance (Koutedakis & Jamurtas, 2004). Considering the association between joint ROM and muscle strength, it should be noted that Gupta et al. (2004) already highlight the fact that dancers are required with optimal muscle strength in order to achieve the required joint ROM (Gupta et al., 2004). Furthermore, in athletes, negative association between joint ROM and muscle strength was reported to increase the risk for musculoskeletal injuries (Hams et al., 2019; Harding et al., 2018; Whiteley et al., 2010).