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Fundamentals of Internet of Things
Published in Bhawana Rudra, Anshul Verma, Shekhar Verma, Bhanu Shrestha, Futuristic Research Trends and Applications of Internet of Things, 2022
Sarthak Srivastava, Anshul Verma, Pradeepika Verma
RFID stands for Radio Frequency Identification system, which is also a very prominent wireless communication technology mainly resembles with the identification of objects in a network and controlling individual targets through radio waves. Moreover, the objects can be identified, tracked, and monitored globally in real time through the unique RFID tags attached with them in the network, which is the main aim of the IoT systems. The RFID systems include the tags having transmitters and responders and the readers having transmitters and receivers (Figure 1.14). The tag is nothing but a microchip attached to every object in the network, which serves as the unique identifier of the objects. These tags can be traced or communicated by the readers by transmitting the radio waves. As we all know that IoT is all about the identification of the objects and their virtual representations across the Internet, the RFID often seems like a prerequisite for that. We can attach our daily life objects with radio tags and operate remotely through computer systems [39].
Traceability technology in Halal logistics and supply chain
Published in Nor Aida Abdul Rahman, Azizul Hassan, Hajjah Zawiah Abdul Majid, Halal Logistics and Supply Chain Management, 2022
Zuhra Junaida Binti Ir Mohamad Husny Hamid, Mohd Iskandar bin Illyas Tan
In the early twentieth century, RFID technology has been well accepted for a well-designed traceability system on collecting data on humans or animals and tracking products (Sahin et al., 2002). RFID is a wireless technology that utilizes the transmitted radio signals to tag a product in order to track and trace its movement with no human involvement. It has outstanding abilities as compared to barcodes and it is able to provide many benefits to supply chain activities, such as reductions in shortages, efficiency in material handling, increases in product availability and improvement in asset management (Li and Visich, 2006; Angeles, 2005; Taghaboni-Dutta and Velthouse, 2006). To date, RFID has been applied in many industry applications such as retail, logistics, healthcare, data management and many more. Using RFID to track and monitor goods as they travel along the supply chain can potentially be used in Halal product supply chain control.
The Mobile Technologies in the ‘Informative’ Society
Published in Kris MY Law, Andrew WH Ip, Brij B Gupta, Shuang Geng, Managing IoT and Mobile Technologies with Innovation, Trust, and Sustainable Computing, 2021
Miaojia Huang, Kris MY Law, Chenyu Xu
The second major problem affecting the development of the IoT is cost contradiction. RFID tags can improve customer satisfaction and play an important role in keeping prices low, but RFID tags are too expensive. Manufacturers of general consumer goods need to spend 1.3 million to 2.3 million to implement RFID tags (Hahnel et al., 2004). At present, the cost of RFID tags is about 20 cents, but only when the production volume exceeds 10 billion per year can the cost of tags drop below 10 cents. Although such prices are not worth mentioning for commodities such as cars, refrigerators, TVs, and mobile phones, they are still very high for low-priced products such as light bulbs and toothpaste. For RFID manufacturers, if the cost is too high, the application pressure will be great. If the cost is too low, the manufacturing industry will lose profits again, which is a dilemma.
Product development, fashion buying and merchandising
Published in Textile Progress, 2022
Rachel Parker-Strak, Rosy Boardman, Liz Barnes, Stephen Doyle, Rachel Studd
The 21st century is steadily becoming the age of The Internet of Things (IoT). The IoT is underpinned by the notion that all the products that people interact with should be interconnected, and that they should exist to make people’s lives easier, fitting into their lifestyle (Roncha, 2019). The IoT is reflected in products being embedded with Quick Response (QR) codes or Radio-frequency identification (RFID) tags (Roncha, 2019). RFID uses radio waves to identify and track products with an RFID tag (a transponder carrying information) and a reader (a device that receives signals from the tag) (BoF, 2022). The deployment of RFID in the fashion supply chain enables access to real-time product information anywhere along the network, supporting the objectives of supply-chain management in this challenging context (Azevedo & Carvalho, 2012). Thus, RFID can be used to track products and orders in real time, helping fashion retailers address issues such as counterfeiting or improve recycling and inventory management (BoF, 2022). For instance, Mulberry are now fitting all their products with digital tags to ensure that they can be verified as genuine at the resale stage (Drapers, 2022).
AI-enabled Enterprise Information Systems for Manufacturing
Published in Enterprise Information Systems, 2022
Milan Zdravković, Hervé Panetto, Georg Weichhart
RFID is today a state-of-the-art technology for inventory control of parts, materials, and products. One of the major issues in this area is false-positive readings, which refers to tags that are detected accidentally by the reader but not the ones of interest. ML can be used to detect (with 93% accuracy on average) and handle those readings (Ma, Wang, and Wang 2018). Stocktaking workload is typically very heavy and time-consuming. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) are used for inventory objects counting and localisation by using vision interface (Verma et al. 2016). Machine vision can be used also for acquiring retail shelf inventory data (Kaan and Ying 2014). It has been found that in some cases (product bulk containers), ML vision methods are more accurate than humans (Kawanaka and Kudo 2018). Precise tracking of the product flow management in large supply chains is crucial for inventory control. While RFID-tagged products facilitate precise data management, RL can be used to efficiently locate a product deviated from its planned path (J. M. Ko et al. 2011).
Survey of indoor location technologies and wayfinding systems for users with cognitive disabilities in emergencies
Published in Behaviour & Information Technology, 2022
M.T. García-Catalá, M.C. Rodríguez-Sánchez, E. Martín-Barroso
RFID tags can be classified into three different types: passive, active and semi-passive tags. Passive tags do not incorporate any feeding system; they are small and cheap. The signal that reaches the tags from readers produces an electrical power that enables action on the integrated circuit by the tag generating and transmitting a response. The tag readings reach distances of 10 cm according to ISO 14443 and of approximately 1 to 1.5 m according to the IEC and ISO 18000-6. Active tags, on the other hand, have an autonomous power supply that allows them to transmit signals with more intensity than passive tags, in environments where radio frequency waves spread with difficulty due to the properties of the medium that they traverse. These tags’ readings reach approximate distances of up to 15 m with a battery life of about 10 years. Apart from the high storage capacity, reading ranges are around 500 m. Some of these tags integrate sensor temperatures, humidity levels, vibration, light, radiation and atmospheric components. These sensors are useful in emergency situations, as they provide additional information on the state of the environment. These features may be useful for specifying a real-time emergency plan. Finally, semi-passive tags have a battery that allows the integrated circuit of the tag to be fed continuously, so no antenna is required. This type of tag has a higher response speed than a passive tag. It is more efficient in the reading process and it can maintain the same range of operations. As for active versus passive tags, active tags last longer.