China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Healthcare System 4.0 Driven by Quantum Computing and Its Use Cases
Published in Thiruselvan Subramanian, Archana Dhyani, Adarsh Kumar, Sukhpal Singh Gill, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Blockchain in Quantum Satellite, Drone and Network, 2023
QC will bring in considerable breakthroughs in the healthcare system. These are discussed as follows. It helps in having an optimal radiation plan in radiotherapy, that kills cancer cells very precisely while keeping damage to surrounding tissues the least. It quickens drug research by saving time as well as the amount invested to a considerable level. It facilitates modelling of molecular interaction of proteins and understanding of human genome encoding well and fast in order to produce new drugs. It also makes research of diagnosis and screening of disease capable to study huge complex patient data effectively and identify disease in a correct manner, respectively, by excellent pattern recognition facilities. The artificial intelligence of machines can be enhanced remarkably by QC by launching quantum machine learning as a new field. It also revolutionizes medical imaging through quantum sensors [13], so that Magnetic Resonance Imaging images be done to a more basic and clear level. This provides clinicians with more accurate images in order to study the ailment of the patient very effectively. Moreover, it also facilitates fast DNA sequencing due to its ability to deal with huge data and be able to perform complex computations. This will open up personalized medicine. These computers are also able to unfold protein more accurately which is not yet well understood to date. This will result in new therapies.
Conclusions
Published in Ni-Bin Chang, Kaixu Bai, Multisensor Data Fusion and Machine Learning for Environmental Remote Sensing, 2018
Recently, quantum entanglement, a physical phenomenon that provides remote sensing an advanced basis for the future, has been well studied. Quantum entanglement occurs when pairs or groups of particles interact with one another in such a way that the quantum state of each particle cannot be described independently of the others. This is true even when the particles are divided by a large distance. Quantum sensing is thus deemed a new quantum technology that employs quantum coherence properties for ultrasensitive detection, which is especially useful for sensing weak signals. A quantum sensor is a device that exploits quantum correlations, such as quantum entanglement, to achieve a sensitivity or resolution that is better than can be achieved using only classical systems (Kapale et al., 2005). Quantum remote sensing, quantum sensors, and quantum sources have become hot topics in research. For example, infrared sensing technology has a central role to play in addressing 21st century global challenges in environmental sensing, and infrared imaging and sensing with the single-photon setting has been studied recently as a new quantum remote sensing technology (European Union, 2016). This type of new technology may deeply affect future environmental sensing (Han, 2014; Bi and Zhang, 2015).
Restoration: Nanotechnology in Tissue Replacement and Prosthetics
Published in Harry F. Tibbals, Medical Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine, 2017
Mechanical magnetic sensors include geometric magnetometers, where the sensor is moved or deformed by interaction with the magnetic field, and resonance sensors, whose vibration rate is influenced by field forces [227]. Electronic sensors include Hall effect sensors [228], which measure the resistance to flow of electrons caused by their deflection in a magnetic field; magnetoresistive, giant magnetoresistive, and colossal magnetoresistive sensors, based on thin-film conduction effects (the 2007 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to the discoverers of giant magnetoresistance, Albert Fert and Peter Grunberg) [229], and flux-gate devices, which compare the difference in current required to magnetize a coil in two directions. Some sensor designs utilize more than one physical effect in the same device for enhanced performance. Quantum sensors include the superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID), based on Josephson junction currents—the magnetically sensitive tunneling of electrons through a thin insulating barrier separating two superconductors [230].
Diamond quantum sensors: from physics to applications on condensed matter research
Published in Functional Diamond, 2022
Kin On Ho, Yang Shen, Yiu Yung Pang, Wai Kuen Leung, Nan Zhao, Sen Yang
Quantum sensors detect weak physical signals in nanoscale by quantum coherence, quantum properties or quantum entanglement. Large amounts of quantum sensors are experimentally realized. For example, neutral atoms like cold atoms [1] and atomic vapours [2] as magnetometer; trapped ions [3] and Rydberg atoms [4] for electric fields; superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) as the most sensitive magnetometer; atomic-scale defects in crystals like nitrogen vacancy (NV) colour centres and so on. The energy levels of NV are sensitive to magnetic fields, electric fields, strain, and temperature variations at room temperature, making it a versatile sensor. As a quantum sensor, NV is rather simple to implement with high resolution. A single 532-nm solid-state laser is sufficient for optical initialization and readout. Also, NV centre-based sensors work for signals from several Hz level [5] up to several GHz [6]. NVcentre sensors can be placed within a nanometre-scale platform like cells for biological applications [7].