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Quantum Theory
Published in Paul L. Goethals, Natalie M. Scala, Daniel T. Bennett, Mathematics in Cyber Research, 2022
We have avoided introducing the notion of quantum computing since this is beyond the scope of what we have set out to discuss. However, we should mention a few important connections between quantum computing and the ideas discussed above. While the idea of using quantum technology to perform encryption is indeed very attractive, the recent push towards developing quantum computers is related to a very different task—breaking classical cryptography. In the early 1990s, Peter Shor developed an algorithm for factoring large integers in polynomial time on a quantum computer in Shor (1994). A working quantum computer would thus be able to break popular encoding schemes such as RSA encryption (see Rivest et al., 1978). For this reason, there is also significant research going into the development of new classical cryptographic protocols which are not vulnerable to decryption by Shor's algorithm (see Bernstein et al. (2008) for an introduction to this topic).
Nanoelectronics and Nanophotonics
Published in M S Shur, R A Suris, Compound Semiconductors 1996, 2020
As the present electronics/photonics technologies are beginning to show its limitations in speed and capacity, the quantum technology is being given increased attention as an alternative way of doing telecommunications and information processing. It is in this context that nanoscale semiconductor devices are being given increased attention, as they have novel electrical/optical properties that can be utilized for such purposes. Here we have focussed on III-V based quantum structures and have reviewed the epitaxial growth, electrical and optical properties, and device applications of semiconductor heterostructure. Quantum devices are already finding useful applications in lasers, modulators, switches and logic devices, and although much more work still needs to be done, they are expected to play an important role in the future telecommunication and information processing technology.
Quantum Networks
Published in Jonathan P. Dowling, Schrödinger’s Web, 2020
My recent work had shown that a quantum sensor was also a machine that exploits these three pillars of quantum technology to measure things much more precisely than a classical sensor can. I made the case that advancements in quantum computing would directly lead to revolutions in quantum sensing and vice versa. I tossed out my original presentation at the hotel bar the night before I was scheduled to speak. I got out a stack of blank transparencies and my special Lumocolor™ pens and wrote an entirely new talk on quantum sensors meet quantum computers. This talk turned out to be a game-changer – not only for the field, but for me personally.37 Ever since that day, quantum sensors and quantum computers have been tied together at the hips. During the questions after my talk, Jeff Kimble retorted, “You can’t just take ideas like quantum error correction and apply them to quantum sensors!” Today – 21 years later – there are several multi-million dollar government-funded research projects devoted to doing precisely that.
Quantum technology a tool for sequencing of the ratio DSS/DNA modifications for the development of new DNA-binding proteins
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2022
Adamu Yunusa Ugya, Kamel Meguellati
Quantum technology is a new field of physics and engineering that is based on quantum physics principles. Quantum computing, quantum sensors, quantum cryptography, quantum simulation, quantum metrology, and quantum imaging are all examples of quantum technologies that use quantum mechanics properties, particularly quantum entanglement, quantum superposition, and quantum tunneling [85]. Any science concerned with systems that display noticeable quantum-mechanical effects, where waves have particle qualities and particles behave like waves, is referred to as quantum physics. Quantum mechanics has applications in both explaining natural events and developing technology that rely on quantum effects, such as integrated circuits and lasers [86]. Quantum mechanics is also crucial for understanding how covalent bonds connect individual atoms to form molecules. Quantum chemistry is the application of quantum mechanics to chemistry. Quantum mechanics may also demonstrate which molecules are energetically favorable to which others and the magnitudes of the energy involved in ionic and covalent bonding processes [86]. The algebraic determination of the hydrogen spectrum by [87] and the treatment of diatomic molecules by [88] were the earliest applications of quantum mechanics to physical systems. Modern technology operates on a scale where quantum effects are significant in many ways. Quantum chemistry, quantum optics, quantum computing, superconducting magnets, light-emitting diodes, the optical amplifier and laser, the transistor and semiconductors such as the microprocessor, and medical and research imaging such as magnetic resonance imaging and electron microscopy are all important applications of quantum theory. Many biological and physical phenomena, most notably the macromolecule DNA, have explanations based on the nature of chemical bonds. Multiple governments have established quantum technology exploration programs since 2010, including the UK National Quantum Technologies Programme [89], which created four quantum ‘hubs’, the Singapore Center for Quantum Technologies, and QuTech, a Dutch center to develop a topological quantum computer [90]. The European Union launched the Quantum Technology Flagship in 2016, a €1 billion, ten-year megaproject comparable to the European Future and Emerging Technologies Flagship initiatives. The National Quantum Initiative Act, passed in December 2018, allocates a $1 billion annual budget for quantum research in the United States. Large corporations have made multiple investments in quantum technology in the private sector. Google’s collaboration with the John Martinis group at UCSB, various relationships with D-wave Systems, a Canadian quantum computing business, and investment by many UK corporations in the UK quantum technologies initiative are just a few examples [91].