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Resource and Interference Management
Published in Wen Sun, Qubeijian Wang, Nan Zhao, Haibin Zhang, Chao Shen, Ultra-Dense Heterogeneous Networks, 2023
Wen Sun, Haibin Zhang, Nan Zhao, Chao Shen, Lawrence Wai-Choong Wong
Interference is anything that can modify or disrupt a signal as it travels along a channel between a source and a receiver. A device can receive information from a BS, denoted as downlink, and it can also receive information from other BSs, referred to interference. The interference measured at a point y∈ℝd is I(y)=ΣPxhxℓ(||y−x||)
RF Site Surveys
Published in Riadh W. Y. Habash, Electromagnetic Fields and Radiation, 2018
Radio frequency interference (RFI) refers to interference from RF fields that are coupled from a source to an electric or electronic device through the air. RFI results in an electronic signal being propagated into and interfering with the proper operation of electrical or electronic equipment. Interference may be experienced on communication equipment such as radios, televisions, and telephones. It may also be experienced on other electronic equipment such as personal computers, stereos, electronic organs, doorbells, and medical electronic equipment. Medical equipment, which has been found susceptible to interference, includes wheelchairs, cardiac pacemakers, ventilators, defibrillators, infusion pumps, blood warmers, and infant incubators. Also, a specific type of interference involving FM broadcast stations is called blanketing. It occurs when electrical devices are very close to the transmitter and when the FM signal is very strong.
Wiring and circuit protection
Published in David Wyatt, Mike Tooley, Aircraft Electrical and Electronic Systems, 2018
This chapter addresses airframe wire and cable applications in detail. (Wiring inside of equipment is not specifically addressed.) The application of ignition and thermocouple cables are described in Chapter 10 (engine systems). Wires or cables designed for small signals, e.g. data bus cables carrying digital data, are screened to prevent their signals from being affected by electromagnet interference. Wires and cables that carry high power and/or high frequencies are also shielded to prevent them being the cause of electromagnetic interference. Screening and shielding to protect against electromagnetic interference (EMI) and electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) are described in this chapter; the subject of EMI/EMC protection is discussed in more detail in Chapter 19. Radio-frequency (RF) cables (or feeders) are specialized types of screened cables. (These are described in more detail in a related book in the series, Aircraft Communications and Navigation Systems.)
IoT based multi-purpose smart fabric curtain
Published in Australian Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, 2022
R. Sriharini, N Edna Elizabeth, D. Supriya, V. S Surenther, S. Sneha
Figure 2 shows the developed prototype of the proposed system. A transformer is used to provide the power supply for the unit and a bridge rectifier to perform the AC-DC conversion. The AC transformer and the wiring can cause radio, TV and Wi-Fi interference (Kosnic , n.d.). This impact, however, will not increase when the full-scale curtain is implemented since the LEDs are not the cause of interference. The existing interference can further be reduced by using shielded cables and adding EMI filters or chokes to the input and output of the transformer. The LM35 temperature sensor, LDR, and PIR sensors are connected to the input of the Arduino microcontroller. An Arduino UNO R3 microcontroller board is used in this system. To the output of the Arduino, the LED embedded curtain, buzzer, and relay are connected and are controlled based on the sensor readings. The relay is connected to an AC to turn it ON/OFF. The device status and the sensor readings are displayed on an LCD. To make all this device information available to the user remotely, a NodeMCU – ESP8266 Wi-Fi development board is connected to the Arduino, which allows it to send the data to the cloud.
The Internet of Things for Logistics: Perspectives, Application Review, and Challenges
Published in IETE Technical Review, 2022
Hoa Tran-Dang, Nicolas Krommenacker, Patrick Charpentier, Dong-Seong Kim
In addition, the presence of multiple networks operating under the same frequency bands probably degrades the quality of communication due to interference. For example, a majority of WSNs (e.g. Zigbee, Xbee) uses the ISM (industrial, scientific and medical) bands for enabling the wireless connectivity in the practical applications. Therefore, as the networks are located in proximity locations, the radio interference cause loss of communication links. Although, several solutions such as blocking mechanisms for the mobile phones, transmission power control techniques are proposed to reduce the impact of interference on the wireless communication the unreliability issue is still critical in the context of logistics applications because a high density of smart objects (i.e. logistics assets) is available in limited spaces like warehouses.
Evaluation of electromagnetic intrusion in brushless DC motor drive for electric vehicle applications with manifestation of mitigating the electromagnetic interference
Published in International Journal of Ambient Energy, 2020
M. Karthik, S. Usha, K. Venkateswaran, Hitesh Panchal, M. Suresh, V. Priya, K. K. Hinduja
In recent years, scarcity of non- renewable energy and the growing consideration of the continuous emission generated from automobiles increases the production of energy-efficient and environmental-friendly electric vehicles in many countries, which is becoming an important strategy of growth. Electromagnetic interference is an unwanted signal which interrupts the electronic equipment. Interference produced in the system affects the normal operation of the electric vehicle equipment through a coupling mechanism or from the radiation. For example, when an inverter is working, interference occurs in the power cable due to switching frequency. To avoid these issues equipment should be electrically compatible i.e. it should not produce any interference; it should have strong immunity strength. This phenomenon is known as Electromagnetic Compatibility. Due to the complex mechanism of EMI generation and transmission, it is necessary to know the occurrence of EMI in electric vehicles to mitigate the failure caused in the system. Until now much fruitful research in EMC has been achieved and many countries introduced their own EMC standard and certification. Besides suppression methods of EMI noise have been developed.