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Analyzing the reliability for connected vehicles using qualitative approaches and quantitative methods
Published in Stein Haugen, Anne Barros, Coen van Gulijk, Trond Kongsvik, Jan Erik Vinnem, Safety and Reliability – Safe Societies in a Changing World, 2018
A. Dabboussi, R. Kouta, J. Gaber, M. Wack, Bachar E.L. Hassan, Lina Nachabeh
From hardware point of view, a TPM contains the below components: Assembled controller: A TPM contains a controller bus, for the connection and coordination among its memory and peripherals.NVRAM: Non-volatile random-access memory is used for permanent storage of the startup configuration that is writeable. It is also used for permanent storage of hardware revision, identification information and the cryptographic keys.Crypto unit: as its name indicates, it is responsible for random number generation, public-key cryptographic algorithm, cryptographic hash functions, symmetric-key algorithms, digital signature generation and verification, and Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC).
Designing the Switch/Router
Published in James Aweya, Designing Switch/Routers, 2023
An NVRAM is a type of RAM whose contents are not lost when the system is powered down or reloaded. Typically, electronic devices use NVRAMs to store certain systems settings and information about local components and devices so that they can be accessed quickly when the system powers up or reloads. Unlike a static RAM (SRAM) and a dynamic RAM (DRAM) which both maintain data only for as long as the system power is applied, the information in an NVRAM is retained from one use to the next even if the system is powered off.
Programmable-logic controllers and operation
Published in Raymond F. Gardner, Introduction to Plant Automation and Controls, 2020
This is a category of RAM that stores and retains data when power is lost. NVRAM in its simplest form may consist of battery-backup conventional static RAM, and its retention time is limited only by battery life. Other NVRAM options use flash memory to provide nearly indefinite retention times. Some PLCs store their operating programs in the PROM chips and other PLCs use NVRAM chips.
Calibration of nonlocal generalized helical beam model for free vibration analysis of coiled carbon nanotubes via molecular dynamics simulations
Published in Mechanics of Advanced Materials and Structures, 2023
Farshid Darvishi, Omid Rahmani
CCNTs are also used in reinforced high-strain composites because of their high toughness compared to carbon fibers. Moreover, they can be better anchored in their embedding matrix than CNTs [6]. They can also be used in nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) as nano-springs, nano-actuators, nano-gears, and nano-receptors [7], in nonvolatile random-access memory (NVRAM) [8], and in electromagnetic nano-transformers and nano-switches as molecular nano-solenoids [9].
Molecular dynamics simulation of free transverse vibration behavior of single-walled coiled carbon nanotubes
Published in Mechanics of Advanced Materials and Structures, 2023
Farshid Darvishi, Omid Rahmani, Alireza Ostadrahimi, Eunsoo Choi, Guoqiang Li
CCNTs have shown potential applications in various fields due to their unique spiral structures and extraordinary physical characteristics. An essential application of CCNTs is to operate as sensors. CCNTs with attached electrodes can be used as self-sensing mechanical resonators to detect the fundamental resonances ranging from 100 to 400 MHz. The self-sensing CCNTs sensors are sensitive to mass change and well suited for measuring small forces and masses in the femtogram range [9]. Moreover, CCNTs can be applied as high-resolution force sensors in conjunction with visual displacement measurement as well as electromechanical sensors [10]. Another application of CCNTs involves their usage in reinforced high-strain composites due to their higher toughness compared to the carbon fibers. In comparison with CNTs, they can be better anchored in their embedding matrix [11]. Some other applications of CCNTs include their application in nano-electromechanical systems (NEMS) [12] such as nano-spring, nano-actuators, nano-gears, and nano-receivers as well as nonvolatile random access memory (NVRAM) [13]. Furthermore, they could be employed in nano-switches and electromagnetic nano-transformers as molecular nano-solenoids [14]. The mechanical properties and vibrational behavior of CCNTs should be well understood to establish a better paradigm of their applications. Theoretical methods are preferred since experimental studies at nanoscale size are quite expensive and time-consuming. Atomic-scale methods such as molecular dynamics (MD) simulation can be useful in the study of nanostructures [15–20]. Nguyen et al. [15] investigated through molecular dynamics finite element method with Tersoff potential the buckling behavior of boron nitride (BN) nanotubes under bending. Shima et al. [19] performed molecular dynamics simulations of multi-walled carbon nanotubes under hydrostatic pressure to elucidate the novel class of radial buckling in the systems. Ansari et al. [20] studied the effects of initial thermal loading on the vibrational behavior of embedded single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) based on the nonlocal shell model and examined the accuracy of their model by comparison with molecular dynamics simulation results.