China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Mapping and Monitoring of Landslides Using LIDAR
Published in Ramesh P. Singh, Darius Bartlett, Natural Hazards, 2018
Michel Jaboyedoff, Antonio Abellán, Dario Carrea, Marc-Henri Derron, Battista Matasci, Clément Michoud
During the last decade, the Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) sensor illuminated the Earth with three lasers. One of these sensors was especially designed to monitor different environmental variables, such as polar ice sheet mass balances, vegetation canopy and land elevation with a vertical accuracy of 3 cm (Zwally et al. 2002; Abshire et al. 2005; Schutz et al. 2005). One of the most relevant topographic products derived from the ICESat mission was the 500 m pixel resolution DEM of Antarctica (DiMarzio 2007; Shan and Toth 2008). Meanwhile, a space-borne EDM device named Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) was developed to observe Mars from 1999 to 2001 in order to survey its topography and atmosphere (Smith et al. 2001). This sensor measured the surface of Mars for 15 months, obtaining a DEM of Mars with a resolution of a few square kilometres and a vertical accuracy of 1 m (Smith et al. 2001).
Pulsed Laser Altimeter Ranging Techniques and Implications for Terrain Mapping
Published in Jie Shan, Charles K. Toth, Topographic Laser Ranging and Scanning, 2017
Satellite laser altimeters to date have not implemented scanning systems, instead acquiring single profiles with footprints that are separated along-track, because of the very high ground speeds of spacecraft and high laser power needed for analog ranging from orbital altitudes. Satellite-based waveform-recording systems in Earth orbit include the Shuttle Laser Altimeter (SLA) (Garvin et al., 1998) and the currently-operating Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) (Abshire et al., 2005) aboard NASA's Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) (Zwally et al., 2002; Schutz et al., 2005). SLA demonstrated techniques for space-based waveform measurements of canopy height and continental-scale topographic profiles that are now being used by ICESat to sample the biomass stored in forests and monitor elevation changes of the Earth's ice sheets and glaciers as they respond to global warming. The Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA), (Abshire et al., 2000; Neumann et al., 2003) is an analog detection system that recorded the received pulse-width, rather than the complete waveform, in order to reduce the data volume needing transmission. MOLA profiles acquired continuously over a period of several years were used to create a topographic map of Mars that has revolutionized understanding of that planet's evolution (Smith et al., 1999, 2001; Zuber et al., 2000). The MESSENGER Laser Altimeter (MLA) (Ramos-Izquierdo et al., 2005) is currently en-route to Mercury where it will provide the first topographic mapping of that planet using pulse-width recording. The Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter (LOLA) (Riris et al., 2007; Chin et al., 2007), a multibeam, pulse-width recording system will use five parallel profiles to map the Moon in unprecedented detail beginning in 2008.
Pulsed Laser Altimeter Ranging Techniques and Implications for Terrain Mapping
Published in Jie Shan, Charles K. Toth, Topographic Laser Ranging and Scanning, 2018
Satellite laser altimeters to date have not implemented scanning systems, instead acquiring single or a few profiles with footprints that are separated along-track, because of the very high ground speeds of spacecraft and high laser power needed for analog ranging from orbital altitudes (Sun, et al., 2013). Satellite-based waveform-recording systems in Earth orbit include the Shuttle Laser Altimeter (SLA) (Garvin et al., 1998) flown in 1996 and 1997 and the Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) (Abshire et al., 2005) aboard NASA’s Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) that operated from 2003 to 2009 (Zwally et al., 2002; Schutz et al., 2005). SLA demonstrated techniques for space-based waveform measurements of canopy height and continental-scale topographic profiles that were subsequently used by ICESat to sample the biomass stored in forests and monitor elevation changes of the Earth’s ice sheets and glaciers as they respond to global warming. The Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) (Abshire et al., 2000; Neumann et al., 2003) is an analog detection system that recorded the received pulse width, rather than the complete waveform, to reduce the data volume needing transmission. MOLA profiles acquired continuously over a period of several years from 1997 to 2001 were used to create a topographic map of Mars that has revolutionized understanding of that planet’s evolution (Smith et al., 1999, 2001; Zuber et al., 2000). The MESSENGER Mercury Laser Altimeter (MLA) (Ramos-Izquierdo et al., 2005) provided the first topographic mapping of that planet using pulse-width recording from 2011 to 2015. The Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter (LOLA) (Riris et al., 2007; Chin et al., 2007), uses a multibeam, pulse-width recording system with five parallel profiles to map the Moon in unprecedented detail from 2009 to the present.
Modified method S-, and R-approximations in solving the problems of Mars’s Morphology
Published in Inverse Problems in Science and Engineering, 2021
T. V. Gudkova, I. E. Stepanova, A. V. Batov, A. V. Shchepetilov
Data about the Martian topography are obtained by the MOLA instrument onboard the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft [13]. The topography data are used only up to the resolution of the gravity data. In Figure 1, the map of the Martian relief heights after expansion in series up to the degree and order of 90 is presented for Elysium Mons and Hellas impact basin.