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Published in P. Dakin John, G. W. Brown Robert, Handbook of Optoelectronics, 2017
Constantinos Pitris, Tuan Vo-Dinh, R. Eugene Goodson, Susie E. Goodson
Low-level laser therapy (LLLT), also known as photobiomodulation, involves exposing cells or tissues to low levels of red and/or NIR light at energy densities below the tissue damage threshold [80]. Although LLLT is now widely used, it remains controversial as a therapy for two main reasons: (1) the underlying biochemical mechanisms remain poorly understood; and (2) a large number of parameters such as the wavelength, fluence, power density, pulse structure, and timing of the applied light are empirically chosen for each treatment [75]. Dosimetry in LLLT is a major challenge due to the considerable level of complexity resulting in, largely, empirical choice of parameters. As far as the LLLT mechanism of action, evidence now suggests that the laser irradiation acts on the mitochondria, increases adenosine triphosphate production, modulates reactive oxygen species, and induces transcription factors. Immune cells, in particular, appear to be strongly affected by LLLT leading to increased infiltration of the illuminated tissues by leukocytes. LLLT also enhances the proliferation, maturation, and motility of fibroblasts, and increases the production of basic fibroblast growth factor [75].
Laser Applications in Medicine and Photodynamic Therapy
Published in Tarun Kumar Gangopadhyay, Pathik Kumbhakar, Mrinal Kanti Mandal, Photonics and Fiber Optics, 2019
Low light level laser relieves pain by first blocking pain nerves and reducing inflammation in and around the painful area when irradiated to the damaged cells in the injured or painful area. Low level laser therapy (LLLT) precipitates a complex set of physiological interactions at the cellular level that reduces acute inflammation, reduces pain and accelerates tissue healing. Other uses include tendonitis and bursitis, soft tissue injuries and scar tissue, muscle strains and tears, sore muscles and joints, degenerative joint conditions like arthritis, neurological pain such as sciatica, general pain, musculoskeletal disorders, pre- and post-surgical treatment, anti-inflammation applications and so on.
Effects of far-infrared radiation lamp therapy on recovery from muscle damage induced by eccentric exercise
Published in European Journal of Sport Science, 2023
Trevor C. Chen, Yuh-Chuan Huang, Tai-Ying Chou, Sheng-Tsung Hsu, Mei-Yen Chen, Kazunori Nosaka
When comparing the effects of the FIR therapy found in the present study with those in which other phototherapy treatments such as low-level laser therapy (Fritsch et al., 2016), light-emitting diode therapy (Chang et al., 2021), and diodes therapy (Douris et al., 2006), the effects on the muscle damage parameters found in the present study appear to be much greater. For example, the present study found that all muscle damage and proprioception markers showed faster recovery by 1–3 days post-exercise with the FIR treatment, but this has not been observed in the previous studies (Chang et al., 2021; Douris et al., 2006; Fritsch et al., 2016). Therefore, to enhance muscle damage recovery and attenuate symptoms of muscle damage, the FIR lamp therapy could provide potent effects. It is also important to note that the FIR lamp therapy was simple, safe, non-invasive, and painless. Thus, it appears that the FIR lamp therapy is useful for individuals who wish to recover from MaxEC faster, especially for athletes who need to recover faster from matches and training (Hsieh et al., 2022).
Protective effects of photobiomodulation against resistance exercise-induced muscle damage and inflammation in rats
Published in Journal of Sports Sciences, 2018
Helenita Antonia de Oliveira, Ednei Luiz Antonio, Flávio André Silva, Paulo de Tarso Camillo de Carvalho, Regiane Feliciano, Amanda Yoshizaki, Stella de Souza Vieira, Brunno Lemes de Melo, Ernesto Cesar Pinto Leal-Junior, Rodrigo Labat, Danilo Sales Bocalini, José Antonio Silva Junior, Paulo José Ferreira Tucci, Andrey Jorge Serra
Studies have shown that exercise bouts may induce tissue damage associated with high inflammatory response (Lima et al., 2013; Smith, Kruger, Smith, & Myburgh, 2008; Tidball, 2005). It has thus been hypothesized that photobiomodulation with low-level laser therapy (LLLT) application may delay skeletal muscle fatigue and improve damage as well as recovery in animals and humans (Leal Junior et al., 2008, 2010, 2009a; Marques et al., 2016). The mechanisms linked to these benefits are not entirely clear, but studies suggest that LLLT can attenuate boosting of pro-inflammatory factors, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL-1β), as well as increase anti-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin 10 (IL-10) (de almeida et al., 2011; Guaraldo et al., 2016; Manchini et al., 2014).
The role of BMP-2, low-level laser therapy and low x-ray doses in dental follicle stem cell migration
Published in Particulate Science and Technology, 2018
Ondine Lucaciu, Bogdan Crisan, Mihaela Hedesiu, Olga Soritau, Noemi Dirzu, Liana Crisan, Radu Campian, Grigore Baciut, Mihaela Baciut, Florin Onisor, Cristian Dinu, Simion Bran
Because the use of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) after bone reconstruction and implant placement has increased (Kim et al. 2016), assessing the effect of this exposure on the cell migration function becomes relevant. The long-term effects of LLLT can involve mechanisms connected with the activation of migration of stem cells toward damaged areas. Stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) alpha plays a critical role in stem cell migration toward areas of tissue injury and hypoxia. The study shows that laser radiation can upregulate stem cell migration toward higher SDF-1 gradient (Gasparyan et al. 2005).