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BRAIN
Published in Richard Zurawski, Industrial Communication Technology Handbook, 2017
Michael Paulitsch, Brendan Hall, Kevin R. Driscoll
The BRAIN was conceived as a broadcast flooding network targeting network bandwidth on the order of 5–20 Mbit/s. At these speeds, the intranode propagation delay is minimal, comprising only a few bits of elasticity delay encountered at each link as the message floods around the segmented medium. A global, time-triggered, a priori agreed schedule coordinates the transmission sequencing, in a manner conceptually similar to the media access of a typical time-triggered bus, that is, time-division multiple access (TDMA). For targeting very-low-end applications, the BRAIN can use half-duplex instead of full-duplex BRAIN links. The half-duplex BRAIN sends data in both directions on each link medium, while the full-duplex BRAIN sends data through unidirectional link media. Half-duplex operation is described in [3]. The half-duplex configuration uses less physical layer hardware, at the expense of cutting effective bandwidth by about half (Figure 67.2).
Bidirectional Transmission and an Extension of Network Utility Maximization Model
Published in Liansheng Tan, Resource Allocation and Performance Optimization in Communication Networks and the Internet, 2017
In a communication system, the data are transmitted between devices or parties. In a point-to-point system composed of two connected devices, called Devices A and B, we often refer to the data transmission direction. The directions may be from Device A to Device B, from Device B to Device A, or both. The terms simplex and duplex are used to describe the data transmission direction. In a simplex system, the data can only be transmitted from one device to another device over a path. In a duplex system, two clearly defined data transmissions are defined, and the data carrying information can be transmitted in both directions, Device A to Device B over one path and Device B to Device A over the other. According to the simultaneity of transmissions, the types of the communication system include full-duplex systems and half-duplex systems.
™ serial I/O ports programming
Published in Ying Bai, Microcontroller Engineering with MSP432, 2016
When using UART to perform asynchronous data operations, the data communication can be divided into the following four modes based on its functionality: Simplex: Serial communication is only taking place in one direction, either from DTE to DCE or vice versa.Half-duplex: Serial communication can take place in both directions, but the communication can only take place in one direction at a moment. This means that either sender or receiver can send or receive the information in different time, but they cannot send and receive the data simultaneously.Full-duplex: Allows serial communications to take place in both directions at the same time, which means that both sender and receiver can handle and exchange the data information simultaneously.Multiplex: Allows multiple serial communications channels to occur over the same serial communication line. Multiplex operations are performed by either allocating separate frequencies or time slice to the individual serial communication channels.
Interference Cancellation in Wireless Communications: Past, Present, and Future
Published in IETE Journal of Education, 2022
S. M. Zafaruddin, Pranay Bhardwaj
Technically, radios are half-duplex systems that transmit and receive signals simultaneously using TDD or FDD duplexing techniques. Full duplexing allows the system to transmit and receive on the same time-frequency resource doubling the spectral efficiency compared with half-duplex methods [22]. The major impediment to the practical implementation of full-duplex communication is self-interference when the receiver picks the signal transmitted by its own transmitter. The signal received directly from the transmitter has a very high power due to the proximity of the transmitter in comparison to the desired far-end signal. Notwithstanding the knowledge of the transmitted signal, the self-interference cancelation is challenging since the known signal gets transformed to an entirely new signal when received as the self-interference. The last few years have witnessed breakthroughs in self-interference cancelation for full-duplex radios for terrestrial wireless systems using combined analog and digital methods. It should be mentioned that echo canceler for the interference signal caused at the hybrid circuit for the telephone system and digital subscriber lines (DSL) is already implemented for practical applications [23, 24].