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Communication Techniques
Published in B K Bala, Energy Systems Modeling and Policy Analysis, 2022
Communication systems are defined as the systems and processes are used to send information from a source to a destination efficiently and reliably, especially by means of electricity or radio waves. The transmission of information is known as communication, and the essential elements for communication from the source of an input signal to the receiver of the desired output signal are the transmitter, the channel and the receiver. The transmitter sends the input signal; the channel serves as the medium of transmission of the signal from the source of the signal to the receiver of the output signal; and the receiver extracts the desired message at the channel output. Figure 4.1 shows the block diagram of communication techniques. The main concern of this chapter is the communication medium, which consists of communication channels such as bandwidth and data rate, and information carriers such as wired and wireless information carriers and their interconnections.
Communication Infrastructure for Smart Microgrids
Published in Sasi K. Kottayil, Smart Microgrids, 2020
Communication protocols provide a way to achieve data transfer between different nodes of a network usually developed to meet different types of needs. Communication protocols usually are defined in layers providing various functionalities essential for exchange of messages in a communication system. Some of the common layers across various protocols are discussed below.
Introduction and A Historical Overview
Published in Ahmed I. Zayed, Advances in Shannon’s Sampling Theory, 2018
A communication system consists mainly of a transmitter, communication channel and a receiver. Its purpose is to send a message from the transmitter to the receiver. The message may consist of written or spoken words, or of pictures, or of sounds, etc. The transmitter changes this message into a signal that is actually sent over the communication channel to the receiver. The communication channel, which is merely the medium used to transmit the signal from the transmitter to the receiver, may be a wire as in telephone lines, or the atmosphere as in radio and television. The receiver is in a way an inverse transmitter, changing the transmitted signal back into a message. For example, in telephones the transmitter changes the sound pressure of the voice into a varying electrical current forming a signal that is sent through the telephone lines to the receiver which reverses the process.
Modelling and quantification of industry 4.0 manufacturing complexity based on information theory: a robotics case study
Published in International Journal of Production Research, 2019
Dimitris Mourtzis, Sophia Fotia, Nikoletta Boli, Ekaterini Vlachou
As it has been analysed in the previous section, the model that represents a typical Digitalised Manufacturing System is illustrated in Figure 1. Following this modelling, the quantification of the complexity will be performed by measuring the entropy of each system that comprises the Industry 4.0 paradigm (Mourtzis, Fotia, and Vlachou 2017). The Entropy measurement of a system is based on the analogous of Shannon’s communication system (ICTC 2015). According to this, the basic components of a communication system are the information source, the message, the transmitter, the signal, the noise source, the receiver, and the destination. More specifically, the information source selects a desired message out of a set of possible messages (this is a particularly important remark, which requires considerable explanation later). The transmitter transforms this message into the signal, which is sent over the communication channel to the receiver. The receiver changes the transmitted signal back into a message, handing this message to the destination. During the transmission, distortions which were not intended by the information source, are added to the signal. These unwanted additions comprise the noise of the channel. In the Figure 3, Shannon’s communication system is presented.
Noise in the velocity measurements and boundaries effect in an open channel with Piano Key Weir
Published in ISH Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2020
Harinarayan Tiwari, Nayan Sharma, Sébastien Erpicum
In communication systems, noise can be defined as an undesired random disturbance in information signal due to unwanted energy. Identification and then removal of noise is essentially required to develop the better understanding of actual physical system.