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Interconnections and Connectors
Published in Michael Pecht, Handbook of Electronic Package Design, 2018
DIP switches are miniature switches that mount directly on a printed circuit board. The main use of DIP switches is to program electronic circuits (Figure 5.10). These switches have the advantage of small size and can be mounted directly on the printed circuit board. DIP switches are used to satisfy a programming function without consuming much space, eliminating messy jumper wires on board to change functions. Further, DIP switches can be used to set printed circuit board (PCB) configurations, configure I/O circuits, and adjust products before shipment. Typical applications include computers, electronic printers, facsimile machines, processors, and vending machines. DIP switches in a computer are used to indicate the actual memory capacity and the number and type of drives installed. A DIP switch in a garage door is used to select a frequency on an individual opener. Security systems use DIP switches for a large number of coding combinations. DIP switches set prices of items. The advantage is that the user can change switch settings in the field as needed. A DIP switch is actually an assembly of several individual switches in a single housing. The number of switches ranges from 2 to 12, and 8 is most common. The switches have clearly labeled switch numbers and on/off positions to make identification easy. The switch is sealed to prevent any damage to it during wave soldering and flux cleaning. Figure 5.11 shows some commerical designs for DIP switches.
In-Situ exploration of emotion regulation via smart clothing: an empirical study of healthcare workers in their work environment
Published in Behaviour & Information Technology, 2021
Mengqi Jiang, Vijayakumar Nanjappan, Hai-Ning Liang, Martijn ten Bhömer
The sensor fabric has a resistance of 180 kilo-ohms while relaxed and 400 kilo-ohms when stretched. Each sensor fabric has a total resistance of approximately 268 kilo-ohms. The resistor we use in the corresponding series circuit is R = √ R'max x R'min where R'max is the maximum resistance and R'min minimum resistance. Each sensor fabric is connected to the analog to digital pin of an Arduino Nano microcontroller board. We use two coin motors (8 mm width and 2 mm thickness) to provide vibrotactile feedback and a DfPlayer Mini module with a TF card and a speaker (8 ohms, 0.5W) in music mode for audio feedback. Figure 1b shows the circuit diagram of the electronic components. The coin motors are stitched at positions (front side of the chest and neckline side of the shirt) where they cannot be easily dragged while moving; thus, users can always feel the vibrotactile feedback (see Figure 1a). The music module is fixed on the Arduino Nano and is placed in the lower pocket of the t-shirt. We use a 2-bit dip switch is to change between vibrotactile and audio feedback modes. The vibration intensity and music volume increase with the flexion/extension of the shoulder and open and closed arm movements, respectively. A 5000 mAh lithium polymer battery (93×25×22 mm), which is placed on the lower side of the t-shirt, is used for power.
History of personal computers in Japan
Published in International Journal of Parallel, Emergent and Distributed Systems, 2020
Since slots are arranged in the address space separated by the paging technique, the addresses of memories, peripheral devices and others arranged in the multiple slots do not conflict. On the ISA bus, which was the mainstream of the IBM compatible 16-bit personal computer at the time, it was necessary to manipulate a small DIP switch installed on the card so that the addresses of the connected cards do not collide. But such a procedure was not necessary in MSX.