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Initial Aspects of Forensic Failure Investigation
Published in Colin R. Gagg, Forensic Engineering, 2020
Rapid advances in digital imaging technologies have greatly improved many aspects of forensic photography. Digital imaging makes it possible to capture, edit and output images faster than processing conventional film. It is also possible to import individual frames of video for enhancement. Techniques that used to be applied in the darkroom through trial and error can now be used on a computer, and the results are immediately visible on screen. There are now several techniques available using digital imaging that were previously not possible using traditional photographic means (such as the ability to correct the perspective of an image). As long as it contains a scale of reference it is possible to take an image that was shot at an incorrect angle and correct it so that the scale is the same across the plane of focus. This has significance in cases where measurements must be taken of the evidence in an image. Further detailed information on a range of digital imaging techniques can be found in appropriate textbooks.[3] However, even now conventional film preserves more data than many high-resolution digital images, so it is still useful for record purposes. Furthermore, the analysis of old photographs in cold cases is an important area of research. Conventional film can of course be scanned to produce digital images, and subsequently enlarged to show details of interest.[4,5]
Medical Image Processing Environment
Published in Jiří Jan, Medical Image Processing, Reconstruction and Analysis, 2019
Sharing and communicating images is another strong present trend. Digital imaging enabled paperless or filmless imaging, thus not only simplifying image acquisition and manipulation (and consequently, perhaps, also the evaluation), but also transporting images easily to multiple places, thus allowing direct and immediate access of different users to the obtained image data. It seems obvious that in comparison with the usual short verbal description, as provided by a radiologist, the image carries much more information that may also be used by other specialists, or even by the family physician, to support and complement the radiologist’s conclusions.6 It is technically possible to communicate reasonable quality medical images in a short time and for tolerable costs to remote places, when utilizing modern image data compression methods. The data can be sent in side a fast intranet, namely, in the frame of a hospital information system, or via the public Internet, a switched data line network, or even via a fixed-line or cellular (mobile) telephone network that allows high-speed data communication or via satellites.
Image Processing and Its Applications in Food Process Control
Published in Gauri S. Mittal, Computerized Control Systems in the Food Industry, 2018
Embodying image acquisition, storage, analysis, and pattern recognition techniques, image processing techniques are capable of extracting or measuring various visual features (related to size, shape, color, and texture) of objects and performing task-relevant analysis and interpretation with precision, objectivity, and speed. Digital imaging operates on pictorial information commonly provided by various physical sensors (instead of human eyes) such as video cameras, X-ray machines, laser scanners, ultrasound sensors, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) sensors, and a computer (instead of human brain) is used to analyze and understand the obtained images. It can be viewed as a simulation and extension of the ability of the human vision system. For this reason, image processing systems are also called as machine vision systems in many cases.
X-ray-acquired imaging and detection radiography system using digital radiography with a DSLR digital camera: preliminary results of a pilot study
Published in Radiation Effects and Defects in Solids, 2023
Jae Yul Lee, Kyum Cha Lee, Dae Cheol Kweon
The input power of the rated voltage of the X-ray imaging system is AC 100–240 V, the output power is DC 12 V, the current is 8.3 A, the rated frequency is 50/60 Hz, and the power consumption is 100 W. When the detector operating power is turned on, the camera shutter relay and relay timer first relays a signal to initiate the opening of the digital camera shutter, and the X-ray timer operates after this has occurred. At this time, the digital camera acquires the image displayed in the dark box. The acquired image is immediately stored on the PC, and the stored image is adjusted using an image software and stored in the digital imaging and communications in medicine (DICOM) format, to be output to the monitor. The X-rays are irradiated and detected using a mold plate. After matching with the switching filtering algorithm, the image is acquired using a DSLR camera located at the bottom of the examination table. An image is acquired by converting an electrical signal into pixels. When the detector operating power is turned on, the camera shutter relay and relay timer relays a signal to first open the camera shutter, and the X-ray timer operates after this has occurred. At this time, the camera acquires the image displayed in the dark box.
An Automated Crop and Plant Disease Identification Scheme Using Cognitive Fuzzy C-Means Algorithm
Published in IETE Journal of Research, 2022
In the recent few years, the data processing and information extraction system have significant growth in the agriculture field. The information extraction provides the eminent processing of data using the digital imaging system. The data processing system in digital images has emerged extremely due to the increasing development in digital imaging over the internet. The mechanism of accessing and extracting the information is simplified because of the emerging technology such as Big Data. The digital imaging is improved by the Visual Modality Technology (VMT) which is known as vision technology [2] that handles the extraction of information from the digital images. Computer-based Visual Modality Technology (CVMT) is illustrated as the process of automating and combining the largest range of techniques and illustrations for visualization. VMT accomplishes unique operations such as image identification and selection, restoration, recognition, feature extraction and decision making.
Distribution of mortar film thickness and its relationship to mixture cracking resistance
Published in International Journal of Pavement Engineering, 2022
Jiwang Jiang, Ying Li, Yuan Zhang, Hussain U. Bahia
In general, two main steps are included in the image processing analysis for mortar film thickness of asphalt mixture: to transfer scanned images into binary images and to calculate mortar film thickness at all boundaries of the aggregates. In this study, the image processing and analysis system (IPAS) incorporating with a user-designed Matlab program for mortar film thickness calculation is used. The SGC cylinder specimens with a height of 120 mm and a diameter of 150 mm were cut into 4 sections along the height as shown in Figure 1. Then the six cutting interfaces were scanned by a high-resolution scanner with a resolution of 1200 dpi (equal to 0.0211 mm/pixel). The image processing tool IPAS (Chen et al.2015) was employed to transfer the scanned images into binary images. In the IPAS program, a common digital imaging processor algorithm is utilised to transform colour image into greyscale image. Then the grayscale image will be further processed by applying filtering function to remove the noise of the image and transformation for separating components in the image (Coenen 2011), as shown in Figure 2.