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Effective data visualization
Published in Tiffany Timbers, Trevor Campbell, Melissa Lee, Data Science, 2022
Tiffany Timbers, Trevor Campbell, Melissa Lee
Vector images are represented as a collection of mathematical objects (lines, surfaces, shapes, curves). When the computer displays the image, it redraws all of the elements using their mathematical formulas. Common file types:SVG13 (.svg): general-purpose useEPS14 (.eps), general-purpose use (rarely used)Open-source software: Inkscape15
Knowledge Structures for Encoding, Formatting, and Packaging
Published in Denise Bedford, Knowledge Architectures, 2020
Raster images are created from a series of pixels, or individual blocks, to form an image. Raster files include JPEG, GIF, and PNG. Every photo you find online or in print is a raster image. Pixels have a defined proportion based on their resolution (high or low). When the pixels are stretched to fill space they were not originally intended to fit, they become distorted, resulting in blurry or unclear images. The pixel quality is affected by any resizing of a raster image. It changes the resolution. Raster files must be saved in the exact dimensions called for by the interpreting equipment or application. Vector images are constructed using proportional formulas rather than pixels. They are more flexible and include EPS, AI, and PDF. These are ideal for creating graphics that require frequent resizing. These might consist of logos and brand graphics. Typically, organizations would create and retain a master version of the essential knowledge asset. The change in size or dimensions will not degrade the resolution or quality of a vector image.
V
Published in Philip A. Laplante, Comprehensive Dictionary of Electrical Engineering, 2018
vector a quantity having both magnitude and direction. vector controlled induction motor a variable speed controller and motor in which the magnetizing and torque producing components of current are controlled separately. Some vector drives require rotor position sensors. Vector controlled induction motors can operate over a wider speed range, and may produce rated torque even at zero speed, much like a DC motor. Thus, vector controlled induction motors are often used for applications that might otherwise require a DC motor drive. vector field when the field needed to describe some physical phenomenon has several components, it is customary to represent such a field by a vector function V(x, y, z) which depends on the space coordinates x, y, z. vector image an image consisting of mathematical descriptions of the objects in the scene, e.g., equations for lines and curves. The image is independent of resolution so it can be stretched, rotated and skewed with no degradation. Vector images are often used in CAD applications. See bitmapped image, CAD, image. vector network analyzer a microwave receiver designed to measure and process the magnitude and phase of transmitted and reflected waves from the linear network under test. vector operation a hardware instruction that performs multiple similar operations on data arranged in one or more arrays. vector processor a computer architecture with specialized function units designed to operate very
A Novel Hybrid Medical Data Compression Using Huffman Coding and LZW in IoT
Published in IETE Journal of Research, 2022
Hossein Mohammadi, Abdulbaghi Ghaderzadeh, Amir Sheikh Ahmadi
Image compression reduces the irrelevancy and redundancy of image data so that data can be stored or transmitted efficiently. In this study, a hybrid medical information compression algorithm based on Huffman encoding and LZW compression using data rearrangement is presented. This work compresses medical data by collecting image, .txt files, ECG signals and compressing them without losses or reducing the image quality and restoring information to facilitate data transmission and storage. For tested data, the proposed compression algorithm has shown an excellent performance compared to LZW and Huffman compression methods. The experiments show that the proposed algorithm can reduce data by 37.85% for signal, image and text data. It can improve data reduction by 9% and 23% for LZW and Huffman algorithms at the cost of increasing the computation time. Therefore, the proposed method reduces the volume of the stored information and increases the information transmission speed in IoT. Also, the compression rate in this paper is increased by an average of 36% compared to other hybrid compression methods. In the future work, we intend to use a fuzzy neural network pattern to determine weighting using the Huffman coding method to improve compression.
A two-step sequential automated crack detection and severity classification process for asphalt pavements
Published in International Journal of Pavement Engineering, 2022
Thai Son Tran, Van Phuc Tran, Hyun Jong Lee, Julius Marvin Flores, Van Phuc Le
Image processing is a common technique used in analysing, evaluating, and extracting useful information from images. To identify objects in an image using image processing, pixels of the same colour that are connected must be determined. This is done by determining its pixel connectivity which is the relationship between pixels and its neighbours in 2-dimension as shown in Figure 4. The image is first transformed to a binary image in which the background is given a pixel value of 0 while the object is 255. For an N×N sized binary image, the pixel at the coordinate (x, y), where 0 ≤ x ≤ N − 1 and 0 ≤ y ≤ N − 1, is denoted as p (x, y). The definition of pixel connectivity component is that the pixel p(x, y) should be connected into any of its adjacent pixels (He et al. 2017b).
Feeling excited and fluent: how consumers respond to the visual appeals of products in an online shopping environment
Published in Behaviour & Information Technology, 2021
In this experiment, a new brand, Prizm, was created for a house paint product and the product visuals were manipulated in terms of package design quality and image quality. An entirely new brand with novel package designs were created; design quality (good vs. plain package design) was manipulated while keeping the brand name and product information identical. Next, the level of image quality was manipulated in terms of low versus high resolution. The image quality of product pictures differs by the level of image resolution of the entire pictures. Although there are numerous factors that influence image quality such as color mode (how the components of a color are combined), image resolution is one of the main determinants of image quality (Galer and Horvat 2005). It describes the amount of visual detail an image can display where higher resolution means more image detail. The visual properties of a product in the present work were manipulated in consultation with a professional designer and pretested to determine the level of package design quality.