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Video Basics
Published in Wes Simpson, Video Over IP, 2013
Liquid crystal displays (LCDs) use liquid crystals (chemicals that can be used to block or pass light based on an electrical signal) and a light source to create a viewable image, either directly on a glass sheet or by projecting the light onto a screen. Plasma displays use electron beams and phosphors just like a CRT, except each pixel has its own microscopic beam source. Large outdoor displays can use thousands upon thousands of light-emitting diodes (LEDs, just like the ones used as power indicators on electronic devices) in three different colors to create an image. And finally, Digital Light Processing® (DLP) projectors use devices from Texas Instruments containing millions of movable microscopic mirrors to reflect light from three different color light sources onto a display screen.
More on Pictures
Published in Peter Hodges, An Introduction to Video and Audio Measurement, 2013
Projectors fall into two types: LCD and DLP. The former functions similarly to a flat panel screen but uses three LCD filters, red, green and blue, the light from the lamp being spilt by dichroic mirrors or prisms. The DLP (digital light processing) projector uses DMD (digital micromirror device), a panel of pixel-size mirrors that move under the influence of the signal, to throw light into, or away from, the projection lens, so creating light and dark. There are three-colour DMDs, red, green and blue, and single DMD using a colour wheel that is mainly confined to lower-power versions.
Hardware-Based Implementation of Watermarking
Published in Borra Surekha, Thanki Rohit, Dey Nilanjan, Digital Image Watermarking, 2018
Borra Surekha, Thanki Rohit, Dey Nilanjan
Various DSPs, such as TMS320C5410, TMS320C670, etc. are used for hardware-based implementations of watermarking. The choice of these processors depends on the type of watermarking technique employed, type of multimedia files involved, and the processing time. The basic hardware-based implementation flow for watermarking using a DSP platform is shown in Figure 4.1. In this flow, the application software, such as MATLAB simulation tool, Visual CV, etc. is used for implementing watermarking algorithms on a PC. The code of the algorithm is transferred to the DSP board using a Host-Port Interface (HPI) bus and Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) bus. The synchronization signals are used to synchronize the PC and DSP board. The DSP board can operate in two modes: (1) Offline data generation and (2) Live data generation. In both modes, the host-PC reads and writes multimedia data directly into the internal memory of a DSP board using the HPI cable.In offline data generation, the multimedia file from the host-PC is transferred to the DSP board, to watermark the multimedia files using codes on the DSP board. This data can be sent back to the host-PC where it can be displayed.In live data generation, the multimedia file from the host-PC is transferred to the DSP board and this data can be directly displayed on a monitor or projector using the Video Graphics Array (VGA) mode of the DSP board. The monitor or projector can be connected using a High-Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI) cable. In this mode, synchronization between PC and DSP board is required.
Extensive investigation of the fluid inlet/outlet position effects on the performance of micro pin-fin heatsink through simulation
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2022
Amin Shahsavar, Mohammad Shahmohammadi, Müslüm Arıcı, Hafiz Muhammad Ali
In many electronic components such as light-emitting diode (LED), projector, high power laser and graphic chip, temperature rises during operation due to their special application and function (Kurşun 2020). Rising temperatures have a negative effect on the efficiency and longevity of a lot of these pieces such that it is estimated that about 50% of electrical failures are due to overheating (Alihosseini et al. 2020). Consequently, cooling in a very small size of electronic parts has received a good deal of attention in recent decades (Agostini et al. 2007). Microchannel heatsink (MCHS) is one of the most common cooling devices in this field. Various heat transfer fluids are used in them, including air, water and some fluids containing different metallic or nonmetallic nanoparticles (nanofluids) (Ghani, Sidik, and Kamaruzaman 2017). Because the thermal conductivity of liquids is generally several times greater than that of air, the using of liquid fluids in the heatsink is more effective, particularly in parts where the heat generation is significantly high (Taheri et al. 2020). Water, ethylene glycol, and paraffin are commonly applied fluids, but water is still one of the most popular and widely used fluid due to benefits such as high thermal conductivity, high heat capacity, low viscosity, and easy access (Kumar and Singh 2019).
The development of perceptual-cognitive skills in youth volleyball players
Published in Journal of Sports Sciences, 2021
Silke De Waelle, Griet Warlop, Matthieu Lenoir, Simon J. Bennett, Frederik J.A. Deconinck
The video clips were back projected, using an LED video projector (LG PH550G, Seoul, South Korea) with HD resolution onto a 1.07 m (w) x 0.6 m (l) projection screen. The projector was placed 1.5 m from the screen on a table, while the subjects were placed behind the table at 2.00 m from the screen (see Figure 6). To facilitate immersion in the volleyball game that was displayed, participants would be standing up for the anticipation and decision-making tests. However, to enable easy writing in the pattern recall test, participants were seated at the table for that test. The participants’ responses for the anticipation and decision-making tests were recorded using a standard Dell keyboard with a wired USB connection. OpenSesame software was used to display the videos and record the participants responses (Mathôt et al., 2012). This software is designed specifically for behavioural experiments and allows for efficient stimulus presentation with sub-millisecond timing.2All standard keyboards are subject to timing lag. According to Damian (2010) the average lag caused by keyboards in scientific experiments is around 30 ms, and Damian (2010) concluded that the variation in human performance is considerably larger than any variation due to response device imprecision. Software packages can also cause lag, and for OpenSesame, Bridges et al. (2020) showed that, for onset of visual stimuli and response times, timing lag in OpenSesame is minimal (3.85 ± 0.7 ms for visual onset and 8.27 ± 1.22 ms for response time measurement).
The reduction of low-income housing stigma with facade features; low- and medium-sized cities
Published in Architectural Engineering and Design Management, 2023
Mehrnaz Ramzanpour, Ali Sharghi, Abdolmajid Nourtaghani, Bahram Saleh Sedghpour
Each slide has an image (in size of 99×110 cm and at a 300-dpi resolution) in the gray background via the video projector on the screen with the dimension of 1.80×1.80 meters, in front of the participant with a distance of 2.5 meters (video projector, NEC M-350XG). First, the purpose and process of the survey were explained to each participant. In the experiment, participants were asked to rate the facade separately, assuming that LIH was to be built in their city. This process was repeated for all 24 images. There was no time limit for responding to the questions (about 20–25 min for each person). The order of the display of slides was random. The research steps are indicated in Figure 2.