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DC circuit analysis
Published in William Bolton, Engineering Science, 2020
A current source can be regarded as an ideal current source in parallel with an internal resistance (Figure 17.19). An ideal current source is one that supplies a constant current regardless of the load resistance connected to its terminals; a real current source supplies a current which depends on the load resistance.
Fundamental Electronics
Published in Patrick F. Dunn, Fundamentals of Sensors for Engineering and Science, 2019
An ideal current source, depicted in Figure 3.4, with Rout = ∞ maintains a fixed current between its terminals, independent of the resistance of the load connected to it. It has an infinite output impedance and can supply infinite voltage. An actual current source has an internal resistance less than infinite. So the current supplied by it is limited and equal to the ratio of the source’s voltage difference to its internal resistance. A good current source has a very high output impedance, typically greater than 1 MΩ. Actual voltage and current sources differ from their ideal counterparts only in that the actual impedances are neither zero nor infinite, but finite.
Current Sources/Mirrors
Published in Amir M. Sodagar, Analysis of Bipolar and CMOS Amplifiers, 2018
In electronic circuits, an independent current source providing a constant current is called a current source, and a dependent current source where the output current is proportional to another current is known as a current mirror.
Design of an energy harvesting interface circuit consecutively powering two loads
Published in International Journal of Electronics, 2023
The proposed interface circuit is implemented with off-the-shelf components. The proposed circuit can harvest energy from any single DC energy source, such as PV, TEG, MFC, biofuel cell and soil energy. Electrically, PVs can be modelled as a current source in parallel with a diode while other DC energy sources can be modelled as a voltage source in series with an internal resistance. Previous work (Chatterjee & Keyhani, 2011) presented the Thévenin equivalent circuit for PVs. Thus, these DC energy sources can be represented with similar Thévenin equivalent circuits that can be modelled as a voltage source in series with a resistor. The proposed circuit has been tested with an emulated energy source modelled as a voltage source of 0.8 V in series with a resistor of 100 . In order to indicate the effectiveness of the circuit with an actual energy source, the proposed circuit has been tested with a commercial PV cell as well. The experimental setup is shown in Figure 2.
Loop Analysis of Circuits with Non-Convertible Current Sources
Published in IETE Journal of Education, 2021
Loop and node methods of analysis are very powerful techniques in solving electrical circuits. In loop (node) analysis, all the current (voltage) sources need to be converted into voltage (current) sources. This conversion step becomes difficult if there are non-convertible current (NCC) and voltage (NCV) sources. There are two types of NCC (NCV) as defined in Refs. [1,2]: Type 1 is a (dependent or independent) current (voltage) source that does not have a parallel (series) resistance, and Type 2 is a (dependent or independent) current (voltage) source that has a resistance R in parallel (series) but current though or voltage across R controls a dependent source. In Refs. [1,2], the authors have overcome the problem by replacing such a current (voltage) source with a ‘virtual’ voltage (current) source. A virtual voltage (current) source is the voltage (current) source that has the same value which actually exists across the current (voltage) source. However, there is no reduction in the order of the matrix involved.
Analysis, modelling and implementation of multi-phase single-leg DC/DC converter for fuel cell hybrid electric vehicles
Published in International Journal of Modelling and Simulation, 2020
Bandi Mallikarjuna Reddy, Paulson Samuel
The MPSLIUDC and the unidirectional load current profile are simulated in PSCAD (4.6.0) and shown in Figure 12. In this model, the load current profile is denoted by a current source, while the input supply voltage (VFSO) of a PEMFC is depicted by an ideal voltage source with internal resistance (RFSO) as outlined in Figure 12. As shown in Figure 9, the ripple frequency (FR) of the output of the fuel stack current (IFSO) in MPSLIUDC is doubled compared with the TPIBC and tripled compared with the CBC converter utilizing the proposed interleaving method. Subsequently, the interleaved inductor size (L) is reduced by 29.29% and filter or bus capacitor (CBUS) size is reduced by 30.23% compared with the CBC topology. Moreover, when looking at the proposed dc/dc converter with different topologies, it is seen that the proposed DC/DC converter topology, MPSLIUDC, has enhanced the efficiency (see Figure 10), and reduced the passive components size as shown in Table 2.