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Force-System Resultants and Equilibrium
Published in Richard C. Dorf, The Engineering Handbook, 2018
Ergonomics discipline promotes a holistic approach to work systems design and management that considers the physical, cognitive, social, organizational, environmental, and other relevant factors (Karwowski and Marras, 1999; Karwowski, 2001). Physical ergonomics is concerned with human anatomical, anthropometric, physiological, and biomechanical characteristics as they relate to physical activity. Cognitive ergonomics is concerned with mental processes, such as perception, memory, reasoning, and motor response, as they affect interactions among humans and other elements of a system. Organizational ergonomics (also known as macroergonomics) is concerned with the optimization of sociotechnical systems, including their organizational structures, policies, and processes. Relevant topics include communication, crew resource management, work design, design of working times, teamwork, participatory design, community ergonomics, cooperative work, new work paradigms, virtual organizations, telework, and quality management.
Neurodesign
Published in Marcelo M. Soares, Francisco Rebelo, Ergonomics in Design Methods & Techniques, 2016
Tareq Ahram, Christianne Falcão, Rafaela Q. Barros, Marcelo M. Soares, Waldemar Karwowski
According to Kirkland (2012) neurodesign allow better communication with designers to convey creative direction. This approach investigates the brain's cognitive triggers, explaining the reasoning for good or bad customer experience and using them to help designers make better-informed design decisions that are reflected in user behavior, product use, and user interactions. This approach helps designers and usability professionals understand user interaction and explain user experiences that result in optimal solutions. Neurodesign supports “behavioral and contextual” research before making decisions about design key priorities. By conducting interviews at the beginning of a design project, team members can get customer insights. Cognitive ergonomics can be defined as the science that aims to assure compatibility in the artifact–human functioning with respect to complex and uncertain interrelationships between system users, machines, and environments (Guastello, 1995; Karwowski et al., 1999; Ahram and Karwowski, 2011a). Such analysis must account for natural nonlinear dynamics (chaos) and fuzziness of human cognitive processes.
Cognitive task evaluation
Published in Adedeji B. Badiru, Sharon C. Bommer, Work Design A Systematic Approach, 2017
Adedeji B. Badiru, Sharon C. Bommer
The term cognitive ergonomics was coined in 1975 by Sime, Fitter, and Greene (Green and Hoc, 1991). Cognitive ergonomics involves the relationship between tools and their users, putting emphasis on the cognitive processes for understanding, reasoning, and usage of knowledge (Green and Hoc, 1991). According to the International Ergonomic Association, cognitive ergonomics relates to mental processes such as perception, memory, reasoning, and motor response, as they influence the interactions between humans and other elements of a work system; it is the ergonomics of mental processes for improving operator performance. Cognitive ergonomics involves the psychological aspects of work, evaluating how work affects the mind and how the mind affects work (Hollnagel, 1997). It addresses how people process information, generate decisions, and perform actions (Belkic and Savic, 2008). As stated by the International Ergonomic Association (2016), relative to human–system design, some applicable topics in cognitive ergonomics areMental workloadDecision makingSkilled performanceWork stressHuman–computer interactionHuman reliability
Overcoming COVID-19 pandemic: emerging challenges of human factors and the role of cognitive ergonomics
Published in Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science, 2023
Cognitive ergonomics plays a key role in the human-system design and addresses issues including mental workload, decision making, human-computer interaction, human reliability, stress, and human training that affect the human-system design. Therefore, cognitive ergonomics is the study of human cognition in the workplace and operational settings to optimize human well-being and system performance (Zachary et al. 2001). Using the interventions, namely the user-centered design of human-machine interaction and human-computer interaction (HCI), design of information technology systems that support cognitive tasks (e.g., cognitive artifacts), development of training programs, work redesign to manage cognitive workload, and increasing the human reliability, the cognitive ergonomics seeks to optimize human-system performance (Zachary et al. 2001).
3D-CUBE readiness model for industry 4.0: technological, organizational, and process maturity enablers
Published in Production & Manufacturing Research, 2022
Bruna Felippes, Isaac da Silva, Sanderson Barbalho, Tobias Adam, Ina Heine, Robert Schmitt
Cognitive ergonomics deals with mental processes related to interactions between people and other system elements, such as perception, memory, reasoning, and motor response. Relevant topics include mental load, decision-making, human-computer interaction, stress, and training (Iida & Buarque, 2016). So, cognitive support systems, such as mobile apps, tablet-based interfaces, industrial panels, or AR/VR devices (Lanyi & Withers, 2020) are also ergonomic solutions applied to I4.0 processes (Iida & Buarque, 2016). The company must design the interfaces to help line workers, intermediate managers, and other employees. Intensive knowledge-based operations such as technical sales, after-sales services, maintenance, and scheduling are important application areas for cognitive support (Rauch et al., 2020). Cognitive work analysis is suggested to design well-structured jobs (Guerin et al., 2019).
Development and testing of culturally adapted road hazard communication designs
Published in International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2021
As already suggested, the symbols being used on the road need to be made more culturally appropriate for easy comprehension. This is because producing and using more culturally adapted symbols can minimize the cognitive effort required for comprehending the symbols and acting in accordance thereof. Indeed, cognitive ergonomics is supposed to be applied in a way that takes into account cognitive processes such as perception, information processing, attention, memory, decision-making patterns and related processes to the design tools and other devices that minimize errors and increase efficiency of the human operator. It is, therefore, reasonable to consider indigenizing the road symbols as a viable solution that is not only useful in reducing human operator error but also is consistent with international conventions such as the 1968 Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals, the 2007 Accra Declarations on Road Safety in Africa and the 2011 Addis Ababa Recommendations for Safety on Trans-Africa Highways.