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LED Control with Different Evaluation Boards (Arduino Uno and NodeMCU)
Published in Anudeep Juluru, Shriram K. Vasudevan, T. S. Murugesh, fied!, 2023
Anudeep Juluru, Shriram K. Vasudevan, T. S. Murugesh
UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver-Transmitter) is one of the simplest and oldest forms of device to device communication protocols used in electronics. It is a hardware communication protocol that uses asynchronous serial communication with a configurable speed. In asynchronous communication, the transmitter and receiver don’t share a common clock, whereas in synchronous communication, the transmitter and receiver will share a common clock for transferring data. There are mainly two ways in which data is transferred between electronic devices: serial transmission and parallel transmission. In serial transmission, the data is transferred bit by bit using a single line, whereas in parallel communication, multiple bits are transferred using multiple lines as shown in Figure 1.18.
Digital equipment
Published in Michael Talbot-Smith, Audio Engineer's Reference Book, 2012
MIDI uses what is known as `asynchronous serial communication'. In asynchronous communication data are transmitted without an accompanying clock signal, and the sending device expects the receiver to lock onto the incoming data whenever they arrive. This makes it very easy to interlink two devices, as there is only really a need for a single wire to carry the data (plus an earth return). In an asynchronous interface the clocks of the transmitter and the receiver must be running at exactly the same rate, otherwise data may be lost due to timing errors. This close tolerance in clock rates is fundamental to the satisfactory operation of any asynchronous interface, as it is vital that the receiver can rely on a particular bit of a received word occurring at a particular time. The tolerance in clock frequency allowed for MIDI is s1%. Also, data may be transmitted at any time, and there may be long gaps in between messages. Thus there is a need for a means of signalling the start and end of a data word. This is achieved using start and stop bits. A start bit precedes every byte transmitted, and a stop bit follows every byte. On recognition of the leading edge of the start bit, the receiver adjusts the phase of its clock such that it thereafter accepts
Asynchronous Messaging
Published in Kevin E. Foltz, William R. Simpson, Enterprise Level Security 2, 2020
Kevin E. Foltz, William R. Simpson
An asynchronous messaging system with built-in intelligence may transform the content and/or format of the message automatically to conform to the receiving system’s requirements or needed protocol but still successfully deliver the message to the recipient. This intelligence is used to provide a higher level of understanding of the content, which allows translation into other formats and protocols. Complicated transformations are better suited to asynchronous communication than synchronous communication because they may increase latency and cause connectivity problems or other underlying protocol failures for synchronous systems.
Quantifying the qualitative with epistemic network analysis: A human factors case study of task-allocation communication in a primary care team
Published in IISE Transactions on Healthcare Systems Engineering, 2018
Abigail R. Wooldridge, Pascale Carayon, David Williamson Shaffer, Brendan Eagan
Effective teams can improve patient safety (Baker et al., 2012). Team leadership, including the management and distribution of team tasks, is key to effective team performance and, consequently, to patient safety (Thomas et al., 2004; Zaccaro et al., 2002). In this case study, we focus on how primary care teams communicate to allocate tasks, with the Shannon-Weaver model of 1948 as our framework, as it is the most impactful communication model (Hollnagel and Woods, 2005). In this framework, a sender encodes a message that is transmitted to a receiver (Shannon, 1948). The Shannon-Weaver model is often extended to include a response from the receiver to the sender, forming a complete, dyadic communication (Dayton and Henriksen, 2007; Hollnagel and Woods, 2005). This study focuses on dyadic communication between two parties (Panko and Kinney, 1992) to assign tasks in a primary care team, which we refer to as task-allocation communication. Although the Shannon-Weaver model focused on telephonic communication, message transmission can occur via other modes as well, such as face-to-face speech, e-mail and written note. Researchers categorize these communication modes as synchronous or asynchronous. Synchronous communication requires simultaneous interaction between two parties, and asynchronous communication allows the recipient to handle the message when it is convenient (Parker and Coiera, 2000).