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Internet of Things Wireless Spectrum Sharing for Radio Access
Published in Yulei Wu, Haojun Huang, Cheng-Xiang Wang, Yi Pan, 5G-Enabled Internet of Things, 2019
Unlike previous generations, where a new radio access technology replaced the old one, 5G will integrate different radio technologies. Some of these will be the evolution of already existing radio access technologies while some will be new. Different service classes could rely on different radio interfaces. Evolutions of the latest version of the 4G radio interface (LTE-Advanced Pro) are likely to be used to provide a coverage layer via macro cells. A new cellular radio interface (being developed in Third Generation Partnership Project [3GPP] under the name “New Radio” or “NR”) operating at frequencies up to 50 GHz will be used to provide very high data rates, ultra-low latencies and to serve a very large number of devices via a large number of small cells. Low-cost, low-battery consumption IoT services are likely to be delivered initially using evolved 4G technologies, as described in the “Introduction” section, with a migration to 5G by 2025. Wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi), evolutions will also play an important role for consumers, in particular to provide 5G services within homes or offices. In addition, it is expected that satellite technologies will play a role in 5G, in particular for wide area coverage in IoT application space (e.g., tracking of goods and vehicles), and also as a mechanism to offload broadcast and multicast linear TV traffic from 5G cellular networks [1].
Novel type-2 fuzzy logic technique for handover problems in a heterogeneous network
Published in Engineering Optimization, 2018
Mohamed Saeed, Hanan Kamal, Mona El-Ghoneimy
Long-term evolution (LTE) is a new radio access technology established to provide a smooth transition towards the fourth generation (4G) network (Dahlman 2007). LTE is designed to increase the capacity, coverage and speed compared to earlier wireless systems (Divya and Huseyin 2009). To satisfy the demands of high capacity and seamless data communication, small cells are more often being integrated into the traditional cellular network, forming a long-term evolution—advanced (LTE-A) network. The support of small cells was introduced in 3GPP release 10 for improvements to the LTE network. Munoz et al. (2013) found that, compared to the traditional macro-only cellular network, the deployment of small cells in macro cells can effectively increase the system performance. Small cells are also expected to improve spectrum utilization and to increase the received signal strength.