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Introduction to Wireless Mesh Networking
Published in Gilbert Held, Wireless Mesh Networks, 2005
A multicast address represents a special type of group address. To understand the rationale for multicast addressing assume there are ten client stations on a LAN whose operators wish to receive a video of the latest Mars landing. Without multicast addressing each operator would download an individual copy of the video in the form of a unicast transmission. Thus, ten individual video broadcasts would flow over the Internet and onto the LAN where the ten client stations reside. In addition to consuming valuable Internet resources in the form of having routers allocate processing power to groups of packets that only vary by their destination address, the multiple packets would consume both Internet and LAN bandwidth. Recognizing the potential waste of resources when multiple clients require access to the same data flow was the key motivation for multicast addressing.
Multicast Routing and Multicast Forwarding Information Base (MFIB) Architecture
Published in James Aweya, Switch/Router Architectures, 2019
In IP multicast routing, any given multicast traffic from an IP source is associated with a multicast group (of receivers) which is identified by a specific IP multicast address. Multicast routing is done in such a way that only multicast group members receive the multicast traffic and not nonmembers. Multicast group membership protocols such as IGMP and Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD) protocol allow a multicast router to discover when a host on a directly attached VLAN or subnet wants to receive a particular multicast traffic (that is, wants to join a particular multicast group).
Switched Ethernet in Automation
Published in Richard Zurawski, Industrial Communication Technology Handbook, 2017
Gunnar Prytz, Per Christian Juel, Rahil Hussain, Tor Skeie
Multicasting comes in two flavors, either as MAC (Layer 2) multicasts or as IP (Layer 3) multicasts. MAC multicast frames have a group or multicast MAC address as the destination address of the frame. An IP multicast frame, in addition, has an IP group or multicast address as the destination IP address in the IP header of the frame. For IP multicast frames, the MAC multicast address is calculated from the IP multicast address. However, it should be noted that this is not a one-to-one relationship as there are 32 IP multicast addresses per MAC multicast address.
Evaluation of video payload over low latency networks: Flexilink
Published in International Journal of Parallel, Emergent and Distributed Systems, 2020
Rongxuan Ma, Yonghao Wang, Wei Hu, Mahir Payyanil Karalakath
When the switch enters the Inwards state, it requests an IT flow connection (termed as a tunnel) to a port in Outwards state. Once the request is successful, everything arriving at the Inwards port with a MAC address different to that of the Inwards port as the (Ethernet) destination is sent down the tunnel; and everything arriving at the Outwards port with the PC’s MAC address (or a multicast address) as its destination is sent down the tunnel in the other direction. The Flexilink switches do not care about the contents of the Ethernet packets or they don’t run ARP or anything. All they care about is whether a DHCP server is present in the network at the other end of the tunnel, on the assumption that the PC will need one.