China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Common Industrial Protocol (CIP™) and the Family of CIP Networks
Published in Richard Zurawski, Industrial Communication Technology Handbook, 2017
I/O Messages from the originator to the target are typically sent as UDP unicast frames, while those sent from the target to the originator can be sent as UDP multicast or unicast frames. Multicast frames allow other EtherNet/IP devices to listen to the input data. To avoid having these UDP multicast frames propagating too widely over the network, the use of switches that support (IGMP) Snooping is highly recommended. IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol) [26] is a protocol that allows the automatic creation of multicast groups. Using this functionality, the switch will automatically create and maintain a multicast group consisting of the devices that need to consume these multicast messages. Once the multicast groups have been established, the switch will direct such messages only to those devices that have subscribed to the multicast group of that message.
Protection of Multimedia Content in Distribution Networks
Published in Borko Furht, Darko Kirovski, Multimedia Encryption and Authentication Techniques and Applications, 2006
Ahmet M. Eskicioglu, Edward J. Delp
The Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) defines a protocol for multicast-enabled hosts and routers to manage group membership information. Developed by the Defense Advance Research Projects Agency (DARPA), the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) connects networks designed by different vendors into a network of networks (i.e., the Internet). It has two transport layers for the applications: the Transport Control Protocol (TCP) and the User Datagram Protocol (UDP). Currently, UDP is the only protocol for IP multicast, providing minimal services such as port multiplexing and error detection. Any host can send a UDP packet to a multicast address, and the multicast routing mechanism will deliver the packet to all members of the multicast group. TCP provides a higher level of service with packet ordering, port multiplexing, and error-free data delivery. It is a connection-oriented protocol (unlike UDP, which is connectionless) and does not support multicast applications.
Multicast Routing and Multicast Forwarding Information Base (MFIB) Architecture
Published in James Aweya, Switch/Router Architectures, 2019
PIM is the dominant multicast routing protocol in use in enterprise networks, service provider networks, and the Internet today. Actually, PIM is a family of multicast routing protocols consisting of the following protocols: PIM Dense Mode (PIM-DM) [RFC3973], PIM Sparse Mode (PIM-SM) [RFC7761], PIM Source-Specific Multicast (PIM-SSM) [RFC4607], and Bidirectional PIM (BIDIR-PIM) [RFC5015]. Each of these sub-protocols is optimized for a different multicast networking environment—one-to-many communication, many-to-many communication, distribution of multicast traffic data over a LAN, enterprise network, service provider network, or the Internet.
Social contact graph-based group communication schemes for delay tolerant networks
Published in International Journal of Parallel, Emergent and Distributed Systems, 2021
Recently, there has been a growing interest in DTN group communication protocols such as multicast and anycast. Multicast enables the distribution of data to multiple receivers, such as real-time traffic information reporting, diffusion of participatory sensor data or popular content (news, software patch, etc.) over multiple devices. Anycast allows a node to send a message to any one member in a group of nodes. It can be used in emergency response networks to request the help of a doctor, a fireman, or a police without knowing their IDs or accurate locations. Anycast can also be used in urban community networks, in which people can use the network to call for any cab. Although many multicast and anycast routing protocols have been proposed in the Internet and MANETs, they cannot be easily applied to DTNs due to the lack of stable end-to-end paths to a destination group member in DTNs. Furthermore, in traditional DTN unicast routing, the destination of a message is fixed at the time of creation. By contrast, the destination can change dynamically in anycast routing according to the movement of nodes. As a result, anycast routing is a particularly challenging problem.
Hybrid Optimization-Based Multi-Path Routing for Dynamic Cluster-Based MANET
Published in Cybernetics and Systems, 2023
Because of the above-mentioned constraints and data loss due to overloaded node leads to waste of capacity, unnecessary energy use and transmission takes time. The delay would have been much longer than it was previously since data that ultimately reached its destination would have had to wait longer in packet queues. The network must accommodate more multicast traffic for many real-time applications. To determine a possible route that satisfies the application criteria to increase multicast support a hybrid optimization-based multi-path routing for dynamic cluster-based MANET is proposed.