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Introduction to Wastewater
Published in Sreedevi Upadhyayula, Amita Chaudhary, Advanced Materials and Technologies for Wastewater Treatment, 2021
Apart from the main sources of water pollution such as industrial waste, sewage, agricultural waste, and other wastewater, mining activities, marine dumping, unplanned oil leakage, burning of fossil fuels, chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and leakage of sewer lines, etc. are also sources of water pollution as these add an excess of different contaminants, toxic waste, petroleum, and disease-causing microorganisms to water bodies.
Nanosensors for Societal Benefits
Published in Vinod Kumar Khanna, Nanosensors, 2021
Water pollution is the contamination of natural sources of water, such as lakes, ponds, rivers, and oceans, by dumping of chemical substances, waste materials, or harmful microorganisms caused by human activities e.g., by industrial products or garbage. Table 10.2 offers a glimpse of these water contaminants.
Political and Regulatory Aspects of Energy and Environment
Published in Anco S. Blazev, Power Generation and the Environment, 2021
Water use and quality in the U.S. is regulated by the clean water act (33 U.S.C. § 1251 et seq.), or the federal water pollution control act, which goal is to restore and maintain the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of the nation’s surface waters. The EPA is the federal agency responsible for creating and enforcing national water quality regulations under the clean water act, but each state and Native American tribe develops their own program for implementing and enforcing clean water act requirements.
Evaluation of phthalic acid tri-ethylene diamine (TED) and folic acid-based carbon quantum dots for the detection of heavy metals in water resources using fibre-optic instrumentation
Published in Environmental Technology, 2023
Tanmay Vyas, Akshay Mehta, Sandeep Choudhary, Manashjit Gogoi, Abhijeet Joshi
Water is one of the most critical resources for the survival of all organisms. The unwanted physical, chemical and biological changes in water quality can be regarded as water pollution. Heavy metals are one of the most prominent pollutants of water which are toxic if their levels increase [1]. Industrial waste, burning of fossil fuels, and mining are the main causes of increased heavy metal pollution in the environment [2]. The industrial sectors dealing with metal finishing and semiconductor plating release significant amounts of metal-containing wastewater directly into water resources [3]. As per WHO, each heavy metal has a different and specific permissible limit such as mercury (0.001 mg/L), chromium (0.05 mg/L), nickel (0.02 mg/L), lead (0.1 mg/L), manganese (0.4 mg/L), cobalt (0.005 mg/L), etc. [2]. Typically, heavy metals are non-biodegradable, toxic and bio-accumulative due to their direct entry into the food chain through water or food, leading to several health issues such as damage to the central nervous system, respiratory system, bones, kidneys, skin, etc. [4]. To prevent and overcome the adverse effects of heavy metals, the detection and quantification of heavy metals become a step of prime importance.
The current legal framework for pollution control in the Niger River Basin relative to SDG 6.3
Published in Water International, 2022
Sidy Ba, Emmanuel U. Onyeabor, Anene N. Moneke
Other sectoral laws such as water codes, environmental laws, and similar laws in NBA member states have specific provisions for reducing water pollution, eliminating dumping and minimizing release of chemicals and materials into the water body, and control of disposal of untreated wastewater. For example, in reducing pollution of water, the Code of Public Hygiene of 21 September 1987 of the Republic of Benin in Article 6 forbids the throwing or burying of corpses of animals, garbage, stones, gravel, wood, etc. on public roads, in ponds, rivers, lakes, ponds, lagoons, sea and canals in the public domain or near a well, fountain or public watering-place or on their shores. Law No. 2010-44 of 24 November 2010, on water management of the same Republic of Benin, states in Article 14 that pollution of water resources is prohibited. Where the activity of natural physical or legal persons is liable to cause or aggravate water pollution or the degradation of the aquatic environment, these contribute to the financing of measures that the state and local authorities must take to fight against this pollution, to compensate for its effects, and to ensure the conservation of aquatic ecosystems.
Perceptions about water pollution among university students: A case study from Iraq
Published in Cogent Engineering, 2021
Laheab A. Al-Maliki, Sabeeh L. Farhan, Ihsan A. Jasim, Sohaib K. Al-Mamoori, Nadhir Al-Ansari
The fresh potable water constitutes only 0.7% of rivers, lakes, underground water and water vapour in the air. If this light percentage of pure potable water is distributed according to the population distribution on earth, it will cover humans’ needs; however, there is no fair distribution of natural resources. For example, we find that the number of rainfalls in tropical regions reaches several meters while almost nonexistent in some desert areas. The imbalance demonstrated in the Amazon basin, which intakes 20% of fresh groundwater while inhabiting a meagre percentage of the world population (Paramanik, 2018). The primary sources of water pollution are the Industrial sources, Sewage sources and Agricultural sources. Figure 3 presents the water used annually by sector in iraq.