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Flood and Building Damages
Published in Saeid Eslamian, Faezeh Eslamian, Flood Handbook, 2022
Mousa Maleki, Saeid Eslamian, Firuza Begham Mustafa, Mohadeseh Madadi
Flooding from public sewers is a concern for homeowners, but it is not their responsibility. In cases where public sewage problems are known or suspected, you should contact the sewer company – usually the local water and sewer company. According to the 1991 Water Industry Act, sewage has the duty to: (1) prevent unreasonable flooding; (2) supply, improve, and maintain the public sewage system, and (3) clean and maintain those sewers. This may be able to adjust the sewage system to reduce the risk of flooding. In cases where there are problems with the flooding of the public sewer system, homeowners should first contact the sewage plant.
Sanitary Engineering
Published in P.K. Jayasree, K Balan, V Rani, Practical Civil Engineering, 2021
P.K. Jayasree, K Balan, V Rani
Sewage or wastewater is a dilute mixture of different wastes from residential, commercial, industrial, and other public places. This wastewater includes objectionable organic and inorganic compounds that may not be amenable to conventional treatment processes. The organic and inorganic matter can be in dissolved, suspended, and colloidal state. The inorganic matter consists of ash, cinder, sand, grit, mud, and other mineral salts. The organic matter is either nitrogenous or nitrogen-free. The chief sources of nitrogenous matter are urea and protein and nitrogen-free compounds include carbohydrates, fats, and soaps.
Resilience of potable water and wastewater networks
Published in Paolo Gardoni, Routledge Handbook of Sustainable and Resilient Infrastructure, 2018
Max Didier, Simona Esposito, Božidar Stojadinović
The used or abundant water is collected and evacuated by a wastewater system. The wastewater system usually consists of a wastewater transmission pipe network (consisting of pipes, channels, or aboveground ditches) assuring the evacuation of wastewater from customer service connections (sewage collection). The wastewater is treated in a treatment plant for reuse or for disposal into a river or the sea. Water treatment includes clarification (separation of particles and dirt), filtration (removal of smaller particles) and disinfection (killing bacteria and viruses) of the wastewater.
Machine learning solutions in sewer systems: a bibliometric analysis
Published in Urban Water Journal, 2023
Marc Ribalta, Ramon Bejar, Carles Mateu, Edgar Rubión
Sewer systems collect domestic sewage, industrial wastewater, and rainwater from different points of origin to a treatment facility. Combined sewer systems (CSS) consist of pipelines with a wide diameter and carry a mixture of sewage and rainwater that go to wastewater treatment plants or large detention basins. Differently, sewer systems can be separated into sanitary sewers, only carrying domestic and industrial wastewater to a sewage treatment plant, and storm sewers, which carry surface runoff to near water bodies like a river or sea. Wastewater often carries solid sediments, and depending on the type, it can carry fat, oil, and grease (FOG) deposits. These sediments can accumulate in certain parts of the sewer reducing the passage of water and leading to high-risk blockages in the sewer (Ashley, Bertrand-Krajewski, and Hvitved-Jacobsen 2005). Moreover, the life-long deterioration of a pipeline can reach the point of failure. These events imply social, economic and environmental damages consequently paid by society itself (Del Mundo and Sutheerawattananonda 2017). Hence, their availability is essential to ensure the proper functioning of society.
Characterization of bacterial resistance in treated hospital wastewater
Published in Environmental Technology, 2022
Gisele Canan-Rochenbach, Marco A.B. Barreiros, André O.S. Lima, Pascale Bauda, Eric Sanches-Simões, Wendell Pimentel-Almeida, Rafael Ariente-Neto, Cleder A. Somensi, Tito C.M. Almeida, Rogério Corrêa, Claudemir M. Radetski
Besides public health concerns, environmental effects of sewage wastewater can be seen in relation to both the chemical (e.g. pharmaceutical) and biological (e.g. multi-resistant bacteria) wastewater constituents [10, 14, 20, 21]. The public health and/or environmental risks linked to the release of chemicals and biological materials into the environment without appropriate treatment are issues of critical significance, and further scientific research is required in addition to practical measures in the management of sewage treatment systems [10, 22, 23]. To reduce the environmental and public health risks caused by chemical and microbiological exposure, sewage wastewater must be appropriately treated by biological (e.g. biodegradation) and physicochemical methods (e.g. advanced oxidation systems and chlorination) to remove all contaminants. Wastewater quality control must also be carried out to ensure that the efficacy of the treatment meets legislative requirements, which can be a very onerous process [2, 11, 24].
Optimal urban sewer layout design using Steiner tree problems
Published in Engineering Optimization, 2019
Machine Hsie, Ming-Yen Wu, Chun Yen Huang
Most urban cities have a chessboard-like layout to ensure the economical use of land in an area with a high population density. A sewer network system is designed to collect the wastewater generated in a catchment area, which includes many blocks, and transport it by gravity to sewage treatment plants. Some properties of the urban sewer connection system are similar to the circuit layout routing design in computer hardware. Routing is crucial in the physical design stage of VLSICs (Chang 2008). Routing design problems have thus become pertinent concerns in circuit designs. The rectilinear Steiner minimal tree (RSMT) construction is extensively applied in this domain (Chang 2008). The street intersections or direction-changing nodes could apply the Steiner node function to be assistant nodes, efficiently connecting sewer discharge nodes to transport sewage pipes in an optimal sewer layout design.