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Sewage treatment
Published in Mohammad Albaji, Introduction to Water Engineering, Hydrology, and Irrigation, 2022
Sewage treatment is the process of removing contaminants from municipal wastewater. It includes physical, chemical, and biological processes to remove contaminants and produce treated wastewater, called effluent, which is safe enough for release into the environment. A by-product of sewage treatment is sewage sludge that is suitable for disposal or reuse after being undergoing further treatment. The main use of sludge is in the agriculture due to its main constituent elements (carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus) that create fertility potential (Figure 10.1).
Biological Treatment of Waste
Published in Rajeev Pratap Singh, Vishal Prasad, Barkha Vaish, Advances in Waste-to-Energy Technologies, 2019
Andleeb Zehra, R. S. Upadhyay, Akbar Ahmad
Waste treatment, additionally referred to as sewage treatment, is the removal of polluting impacts from sewage, before they enter regular waterways, for example, streams, lakes, estuaries, and seas (Mintenig et al. 2017). Institutions, offices, industries, and residences are the main sources of waste and it can be mixed with ground water and surface water. If the waste is not treated before releasing into water bodies, it would impact natural and human well-being, for example, liberation of odors, the consumption of dissolved oxygen, and therefore the unleash of nutrients, harmful contaminants, and pathogens (Droste and Gehr 2018).
Preliminaiy Treatment
Published in Paul N. Cheremisinoff, Handbook of Water and Wastewater Treatment Technology, 2019
Treatment of oily wastewaters is similar in many respects to the treatment of domestic sewage. In domestic sewage treatment, a primary level of treatment is employed to separate the easily settleable solids from the wastewater. In the treatment of oily wastewaters, a primary treatment is used to separate the floatable free oils from the dispersed emulsified and soluble fractions. Primary treatment is also used to remove oil-wet solids. Common primary separation devices utilize sedimentation, flotation, and centrifugation related techniques. Secondary treatment is then used to break oil/water emulsions and to remove dispersed oil. Technology typically consists of chemical treatment and filter coalescence. In certain applications, a tertiary level of treatment is applied to remove finely dispersed and soluble oil fractions. Tertiary treatment in this context includes ultrafiltration, biological treatment, and carbon adsorption.
The design for wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) with GPS X modelling
Published in Cogent Engineering, 2020
Conventional wastewater treatment consists of a combination of physical and biological processes to remove solids, organic matter and nutrients from wastewater. General terms used to describe different degrees of treatment, in order of increasing treatment level, are preliminary, primary, secondary and tertiary or advanced wastewater treatment (Janssen, Meinema, & van der Roest, 2002). However, the key treatment process in the conventional sewage treatment is the secondary treatment process, which consists of biological treatment by utilizing mixed types of microorganisms in a controlled environment. Several aerobic and anaerobic biological processes are used for secondary treatment, including activated sludge process, total oxidation process, contact stabilization, aerated lagoons, waste stabilization ponds, trickling filters and anaerobic treatment. Activated sludge process is the most widely applied process comparable to other biological process for its facility design is well known as well as having characterized operation parameters (Culp, 1978).
Water conservation potential within higher education institutions: lessons from a Brazilian university
Published in Urban Water Journal, 2021
Anna Elis Paz Soares, Juliana Karla Da Silva, Luiz Gustavo Costa Ferreira Nunes, Márcia Maria Rios Ribeiro, Simone Rosa Da Silva
The promotion of water conservation in buildings is a fundamental part of managing urban water demand. It simultaneously promotes the other pillars of sustainability by reducing the volume of sewage produced, reducing the operating costs of both water treatment and sewage treatment plants, redistributing the supply of drinking water, and ensuring the sustainability of river basins and the environment (Egan 2014; Reed 2012). Nunes et al. (2019a), (2019b) report that public buildings are large water consumers subject to significant levels of waste. In this type of building, users are not directly responsible for paying the water bill and are not personally motivated to reduce it. In addition, the lack of a maintenance routine in the water system can also lead to increased losses.