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Protecting the Land through Environmental Regulations
Published in Daniel T. Rogers, Fundamentals of Environmental Law and Compliance, 2023
We will now turn our attention to environmental regulations that focus on protecting living organisms and cultural and historical sites.Questions and Exercises for DiscussionAn auto repair shop uses mineral spirits as a parts washer solvent. The solvent does not contain any halogenated or listed solvents and its flashpoint is greater than 140°F. When the solvent becomes dirty, it is distilled. The distilled solvent is placed back into use. The residual solids leftover from the distillation process are the waste that must be characterized. The waste was transferred to an appropriate container and labeled as “Parts Washer Waste, Analysis Pending.” A representative sample of the waste was collected and sent to a certified laboratory under chain-of-custody for waste characterization. The laboratory conducted the required tests and a portion of the results are as follows:
Waste metrics from the ground up
Published in Zsuzsa Gille, Josh Lepawsky, The Routledge Handbook of Waste Studies, 2021
Mixture, or heterogeneity, is a core feature of waste streams. It is usually the case that mingling substances together—in a can, basket, bin, bag, dumpster, storage lagoon, or truck—is the first step in marking them as discards, regardless of whether future disentanglement is planned. Waste characterization is the act of literally “sorting things out” (Bowker and Star 2000) to gain an understanding of the range of substances that make up generated discards as they move from source to destination.
Evaluation of foamed bitumen efficiency in warm asphalt mixtures recycling
Published in Cândida Vilarinho, Fernando Castro, Mário Russo, Wastes: Solutions, Treatments and Opportunities, 2015
Cândida Vilarinho, Fernando Castro, Mário Russo
As seen previously, municipal solid waste is composed by elements that can be used to recover energy. Therefore, a proper waste characterization is extremely important, because different kinds of waste have different physical, chemical and thermal properties, so they are more suitable for different types of energy conversion process. Waste with high heating value, for example, are good for thermochemical processes, whereas waste with higher moisture content and higher volatile solids content are best suited for the anaerobic digestion process.
Seasonal characterization of municipal solid waste for selecting feasible waste treatment technology for Guwahati city, India
Published in Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 2022
Abhishek Singhal, Anil Kumar Gupta, Brajesh Dubey, Makrand M Ghangrekar
Integrated Solid Waste Management (ISWM) approach should be used for a sustainable waste management, which can be defined as a comprehensive waste reduction, collection, recycling, treatment, and disposal system as proposed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). However, waste characterization must be the first step for any successful waste management program to estimate potential materials recovery, identify sources of waste generation, facilitate the designing of waste processing equipment, estimate physical & chemical properties of the waste to select appropriate treatment and maintain compliance with the environmental regulations (Ayeleru, Okonta, and Ntuli 2018). Lately, several MSW characterization studies have been conducted to identify efficient waste treatment technologies (Ayeleru, Okonta, and Ntuli 2018; Boldrin and Christensen 2010; Gómez et al. 2009; Kumar and Goel 2009; Kumar et al. 2017; Miezah et al. 2015). However, MSW composition and quantity varies considerably with seasons which directly affects the collection (primary and secondary storage of waste) and treatment scenario. Parameters like pH, moisture content, calorific value, C/N ratio of the waste can also vary with the season (Abylkhani et al. 2019; Gómez et al. 2009), which affects the overall treatment efficiency of the conventional solid waste treatment methods like composting, bio methanation, and incineration. So, to design a sustainable solid waste management system accounting for the seasonal variation in MSW is essential. Even though several studies have published on waste characterization, only few studies were published specifically on seasonal variation in MSW. Studies by (Abylkhani et al. 2019; Denafas et al. 2014; Gómez et al. 2009; Ibikunle et al. 2020; Yenice et al. 2011), were specially focused on seasonal variation in MSW and they all found minimal to considerable variation in the MSW’s physico-chemical properties and composition. Aguilar-Virgen et al. (2013) found upto 8% variation in MSW composition in winter and summers among different economical groups. Furthermore, Ibikunle et al., 2020 determined the energy recovery potential of MSW incineration including the seasonal variation in MSW properties. However, effect on seasonal variation on energy and product recovery treatment options, such as biomethanation, composting, refuse-derived fuel (RDF), pyrolysis, gasification, recycling etc., is yet to determine. A holistic approach for evaluation feasible treatment options considering seasonal variation in MSW is still missing from the literature.