China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Ecotourism with a Hand-Lens
Published in Evelyn Brister, Robert Frodeman, A Guide to Field Philosophy, 2020
Ricardo Rozzi, María Teresa La Valle, Shaun Russell, Bernard Goffinet, Francisca Massardo
For 20 years, philosophers working in a remote area of South America have succeeded in working on a transdisciplinary biocultural initiative to establish continuous long-term programs linking academic research with local cultures, social processes, and decision-making. Through collaboration with the Chilean Government and local, national, and international communities, researchers, artists, writers, students, volunteers, and friends experience dynamic and innovative ways to better integrate academia and society. To consolidate this initiative, the Omora Park research team was awarded 20 million dollars by the Chilean Government in 2017 to build an iconic center in Puerto Williams: the Sub-Antarctic Biocultural Center. This facility will allow us to conduct transdisciplinary research and education linked to sustainable development and long-term socio-ecological research at a critical geographical location in the context of global change. It will be inaugurated in 2020, as the first international subantarctic conservation and research platform to monitor climate change and its impact on biodiversity, as well as to mitigate and adapt to global change.
Implications of Long-Term Climate Change for Biogeography and Ecological Processes in the Southern Ocean
Published in S. J. Hawkins, A. J. Evans, A. C. Dale, L. B. Firth, I. P. Smith, Oceanography and Marine Biology, 2018
Pedro et al. (2016) link deep convection with multicentennial-scale warming events in Antarctica, and De Lavergne et al. (2014) suggest that the recent lack of deep ocean convection following the closure of the Weddell polynya in the late 1970s may indicate a pre/postindustrial era regime shift in the deep ventilation of the Southern Ocean. They regard this as a possible response to anthropogenic effects that could contribute to slow surface warming and enhanced subsurface warming. In contrast to surface waters, the deeper waters of the Southern Ocean have shown significant warming, especially in the deep waters south of the Subantarctic front in basins that are ventilated by Antarctic bottom water (Purkey & Johnson 2010). Gille (2008) found that the upper 1000 m of the Southern Ocean have warmed, especially within the ACC, and attributed this to poleward migration of the ACC, possibly driven by a poleward shift in the westerlies which strengthened by at least 20% between 1980 and 2010 (Gent 2016). Desbruyères et al. (2016) found that the strongest warming has occurred in abyssal waters of the Southern and Pacific Oceans. By comparing pre to post 2000 estimates, they concluded that rates of warming are increasing in the Southern Ocean, with particularly enhanced warming in the Amundsen/Bellingshausen Sea sector. This is presumably due to the zonal inequities described by Landschützer et al. (2015). They describe a tendency towards the development of high pressure systems over the Atlantic/Indian sector of the Southern Ocean and low pressures over the Pacific sector, resulting in stronger meridional warm (Atlantic) or cold (Pacific) winds and increased upwelling in the Pacific sector (see their Figure 3).
A detailed biostratigraphic framework for 0–1.2 Ma Quaternary sediments of north-eastern Zealandia
Published in New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics, 2022
Martin P. Crundwell, Adam Woodhouse
The Subantarctic planktic province is dominated by the inflow of shallow and intermediate-level Subantarctic Water (SAW) which comes from the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) – a major meridional geostrophic flow that connects the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans, and serves as a principal southern pathway of exchange among the ocean basins (Nowlin and Klinck 1986; Rintoul et al. 2001). The flow of SAW passes around southern New Zealand, before flowing north along the east coast of the South Island (Heath 1985). The ACC passes northeast along the eastern margin of the Campbell Plateau, and when the ACC nears the Bounty Trough a branch diverges through the Pukaki Saddle and circulates clockwise around the head of the trough, as the Bounty Gyre (Bryden and Heath 1985; Heath 1985; Carter and Wilkin 1999). When the coastal flow of SAW turns east along the southern flank of the Chatham Rise it merges with the northern part of the Bounty Gyre (Bryden and Heath 1985; Bostock et al. 2015) and forms the southern margin of the STFZ and Temperate province (Figure 1). While the main flow of SAW passes east along the southern flank of the rise, leakage through the Mernoo Saddle allows some SAW to pass north through Cook Strait and along the continental shelf bordering the southern part of the Hikurangi margin (Shaw and Vennell 2011). Some leakage of STW also passes south through the saddle during the Winter and early Spring and mixes with the eastward flow of SAW along the southern flank of the Chatham Rise (Shaw and Vennell 2011).