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Climatic Change in Context with Health
Published in Debleena Bhattacharya, V K Singh, Climate Changes and Epidemiological Hotspots, 2022
Debleena Bhattacharya, V K Singh
Global warming and climate change have a very strong interrelationship in environment. The capacities of the GHGs to entrap the solar heat within the atmosphere have a detrimental impact on natural habitats, health and also agriculture. According to studies there was an abrupt end to the ice age 7,000 years ago. After the end of the ice age there was the beginning of the modern climatic era of human civilisation. There is an increase in sea level as the glaciers and polar ice caps are melting due to global warming, which will lead to severe floods in some areas, droughts and other natural calamities. The Fourth Assessment Report of IPCC (2007) gave a clear flowchart for the global warming scenario in the 21st century. The average global temperature as predicted by scientists could increase the temperature between 1.4°C and 5.8°C in the coming years. Despite best efforts global warming has influenced the whole world and the variation in climate is now more evident.
The Valiant Effort to Replace Fossil Fuels
Published in H. B. Glushakow, Energy Miracles, 2022
Sea levels are rising. Tides are inching higher. High-tide floods are becoming more frequent and reaching farther inland. If you live by the seaside, you can observe the tides intruding further and further on shore. While all coastal cities will be affected by sea level rises, some will be hit much harder than others. Asian cities will be particularly badly affected. About four out of every five people impacted by sea-level rise by 2050 will live in East or Southeast Asia. U.S. cities, especially those on the East and Gulf coasts, are similarly vulnerable. More than 90 U.S. coastal cities are already experiencing flooding, a number that is expected to double by 2030. Meanwhile, about three-quarters of all European cities will be affected by rising sea levels, especially those in The Netherlands, Spain, and Italy.
Adaptation to Climate Change Impacts
Published in Dalia Štreimikienė, Asta Mikalauskienė, Climate Change and Sustainable Development, 2021
Dalia Štreimikienė, Asta Mikalauskienė
Small IslandsSmall islands in the tropics or higher latitudes are highly vulnerable to extreme weather conditions, sea-level changes, rising air and surface temperatures, and changing rainfall.Deterioration of coastal conditions, such as beach erosion and coral change, is likely to affect local resources, for example, fisheries, as well as the value for tourist destinations.Sea-level rise is expected to increase the risk of floods, storm surges, erosion, and other coastal hazards. This impact would threaten vital infrastructure, settlements, and facilities that support the survival of island communities.
Climate change and water-related threats in the Indian Sundarbans: food security and management implications
Published in International Journal of Water Resources Development, 2023
Pritha Datta, Bhagirath Behera, Dil Bahadur Rahut
Moreover, due to the continuous rise in temperature and the resultant melting of ice, the sea-level rise in the ISD could be about 4 mm/year up to 2090 (Leijnse et al., 2021). The rising sea level, coupled with increasing salinity, is reducing the extent of mangrove forests and limiting the diversity of mangrove species in the ISD, thereby affecting ecosystem services and posing a threat to the livelihoods of many, especially those who rely on mangrove-dependent activities (Mukhopadhyay et al., 2018). These factors have also resulted in a substantial decline in blue carbon reserves (Samanta et al., 2021). The deterioration and depletion of these ecosystems are anticipated to endure and potentially amplify as sea levels rise, and it is estimated that mangrove loss will reach 22,286 ha between 2020 and 2050 (Jayanthi et al., 2023). In addition, the ISD would experience a high number of internal displacements and migration. According to Kulp and Strauss (2019), sea-level rise by 2050 would be sufficient to submerge a substantial portion of the landmass and uproot between 140 million and 170 million people, including in the ISD. These could result in a higher possibility of instability and disruption of food availability, ease of access and utilization.
Linking climate change mitigation and adaptation through coastal green–gray infrastructure: a perspective
Published in Coastal Engineering Journal, 2021
Tomohiro Kuwae, Stephen Crooks
As society begins to recognize the challenges of population growth and sustainable development, we are also faced with the threat of climate change (IPCC 2013). Coastal populations in particular face an imminent risk from extreme weather events brought about by climate change. In coming decades, a rising sea level will pose a major challenge for coastal communities, as the risks of flooding and saltwater intrusion into groundwaters mount. The human, environmental, and financial costs of inaction and failure to adapt to climate change are enormous. It is estimated that losses from flood damage due to a sea level rise of 1.3 m could equal 4% of global gross domestic product (currently US$4 trillion) annually (Ichinko et al. 2019). At present, global infrastructure valued at US$100 trillion is at risk and underinsured.
Sea level prediction using ARIMA, SVR and LSTM neural network: assessing the impact of ensemble Ocean-Atmospheric processes on models’ accuracy
Published in Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk, 2021
Abdul-Lateef Balogun, Naheem Adebisi
Tide gauges and satellite altimetry are the main data sources for monitoring sea level. Tide gauges provide detailed long-term SL record at fine temporal scale at locations of installations. They also provide the longest observation record for historical sea level change study (Cipollini et al. 2017; Khairuddin et al. 2019). Although tide gauges offer precise sea level data for coastal studies, they are sparse, unevenly distributed and measure sea level relative to the solid earth (relative sea level) (Cipollini et al. 2017; Khairuddin et al. 2019). These measurements are affected by land subsidence (Church and White 2011; Holgate et al. 2012), necessitating the estimation of vertical land motion to determine the corresponding absolute sea level change. This is pertinent considering that high quality data and correct modelling processes are vital for accurate prediction and analysis of sea levels (Zhao et al. 2019).