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Water and sustainable cities
Published in Sarah Bell, Urban Water Sustainability, 2017
In the water sensitive city these ideas have been extended to include opportunities for utilising water captured, stored and recycled within the city as an alternative supply, reducing pressure on conventional water resources (Grant, 2016; Novotny et al., 2010). Rainwater harvested from roofs can be used for non-potable uses such as toilet flushing and landscape irrigation, with minimal treatment, and can also be treated to potable standards (Campisano et al., 2017). Stormwater harvesting is also a source of water for non-potable use, abstracting and storing water from drains in cities where sewage and stormwater are transferred and treated separately. The water sensitive city also considers opportunities for greywater reuse and provides for dual supply of potable and non-potable water at building and neighbourhood scale (Ferguson et al., 2013).
Hybrid water supply systems
Published in Thomas Bolognesi, Francisco Silva Pinto, Megan Farrelly, Routledge Handbook of Urban Water Governance, 2023
Casey Furlong, Ryan Brotchie, Peter Morison, Lindsey Brown, Greg Finlayson
Stormwater harvesting for any end-use is easier to achieve in new suburbs because a stormwater collection system can be purpose built to maximise flow, storage, and site for treatment plant (and potential for developers to support funding). However, the outcomes in Singapore show that, if there is a suitably sized storage, it is possible to retrofit urban catchments and waterways so that they increase stormwater quality (refer to Singapore case study for more detail). In Australia large-scale stormwater harvesting can be almost cost competitive with desalination (WSAA, 2020).
The feasibility of reusing highway runoff for fabric dyeing: a proof of concept
Published in Journal of Applied Water Engineering and Research, 2022
Muhammad Arslan, Irfan Ahmed Shaikh
The characterization of public health risks in stormwater is complex and tedious through the conventional detection and analytical methods due to stochastic variations in rainfall and catchment hydrology. Hence, the reuse of stormwater for potable purposes is not recommended (Berankova et al. 2008). Whereas, the reuse of stormwater in irrigation and non-potable uses is enormously appreciated in Australia, and legislative guidelines are under consideration to supply stormwater as a source for higher value end-uses (Fletcher et al. 2008; Chong et al. 2012). Pressure on water resources in urban areas is increasing, with growing demand and limited water sources. In Australia, stormwater harvesting is shown to be a viable alternative water supply to avoid degradation of ecosystems and provide a potential solution to the increases in run-off frequency and peak flows that occur as a result of catchment urbanization (Fletcher et al. 2008). Due to expanding populations, associated food supplies, and economic developments, communities have faced severe freshwater supply shortages.
Management of urban waterways in Melbourne, Australia: 1. current status
Published in Australasian Journal of Water Resources, 2021
Barry T Hart, Matt Francey, Chris Chesterfield
The second is the cost, particularly the cost to add infrastructure in an existing urban catchment to reduce the direct connection of stormwater drainage to the waterway. This infrastructure may include: large-scale stormwater harvesting schemes (collection, treatment and re-use of stormwater for different purposes such as watering of sporting fields); distributed allotment systems (e.g. rainwater tanks, raingardens, green roofs); street and end-of-pipe systems (e.g. street trees, biofilters, stormwater treatment wetlands, new innovative products); or a combination of these approaches. As well as protecting flows and water quality in waterways for environmental values, these solutions keep water in the landscape and soils providing cooler, greener urban places, supporting public health and wellbeing.
Integrative technology hubs for urban food-energy-water nexuses and cost-benefit-risk tradeoffs (I): Global trend and technology metrics
Published in Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2021
Ni-Bin Chang, Uzzal Hossain, Andrea Valencia, Jiangxiao Qiu, Qipeng P. Zheng, Lixing Gu, Mengnan Chen, Jia-Wei Lu, Ana Pires, Chelsea Kaandorp, Edo Abraham, Marie-Claire ten Veldhuis, Nick van de Giesen, Bruno Molle, Severine Tomas, Nassim Ait-Mouheb, Deborah Dotta, Rémi Declercq, Martin Perrin, Léon Conradi, Geoffrey Molle
Taking advantage of the roof area in urban regions, distinct crops can be cultivated in a garden or a greenhouse. The water necessary for irrigation of the green roof can be supplemented with stormwater collected from a nearby stormwater pond, which can be stored in a storage tank (cistern) and recirculated for continuous irrigation in the FEW system. The use of stormwater harvesting for irrigation is crucial, as it reduces the water consumption and demand placed on groundwater and surface water supplies for non-potable water consumption. This provides an environmental benefit by reducing the stress on the water supply from the agriculture sector in urban areas. Additionally, the energy required for the pumping of stormwater and irrigation of crops can be supplied through renewable energy technologies, whereas cooling load reduction in the building can be expected from green roof implementation, which lowers the temperature inside the building. This results in reduction of energy necessary for cooling, which consequently also lowers the cost. Lastly, to complete the synergy in a FEW nexus system, the cultivation of crops can be aimed at biofuel producing crops for energy generation.