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Design
Published in Ajaya Kumar Gupta, Peter James Moss, Guidelines for Design of Low-Rise Buildings Subjected to Lateral Forces, 2020
Edwin G. Zacher, Coley Altman, Douglas A. Foutch, Louis F. Geschwinder, Melvyn Green, Mark Schaefer, Mete A. Sozen, John R. Tissel
Building frame systems are used in structures in which essentially all gravity loads are carried by a space frame, see Figures 5.2.2 and 5.2.3. For this system the connections of the horizontal members to the vertical members of the space frame are normally considered pinned. It is advisable to provide some nominal moment capacity in these connections for lateral force resistant design. The lateral force resistance for this type of system is provided by shear walls or vertical trussing systems and the roof and floor diaphragms. See Sections 5.6, 5.7 and 5.8 for vertical resisting elements used in this category of construction.
Automotive Architecture
Published in Patrick Hossay, Automotive Innovation, 2019
An alternative approach to chassis construction that is typically limited to higher end performance cars is a space frame construction. Longitudinal and diagonal tubular members define an interconnected three-dimensional network of triangles that form an overall skeletal frame. So, a space frame provides strength and high stiffness in all directions. A purist might point out that a true space frame, rather than just a tubular frame, has load points reinforced tetrahedrally, providing optimal three-dimensional strength and rigidity; but this can vary. Body panels are added to the frame with little structural function, allowing lighter materials to be used. Properly designed, this system can produce the highest stiffness to weight ratio for any automotive structure. An additional advantage of this sort of structure is the relative ease of assembly in low quantities; making it ideal for specialty cars, and a go-to choice for Ferrari, Lamborghini and some Jaguar models in the past.
Structural analysis modeling
Published in A. Ghali, A. M. Neville, Structural Analysis: A unified classical and matrix approach, 2017
Grid: A grid is really a special case of a space frame, except that all the members are in one plane and the loads are applied perpendicular to that plane. Figure 1.17a shows the top view and sectional elevation of a concrete bridge deck having three simply-supported main girders monolithically connected to three intermediate cross-girders. Traffic load will be transmitted to the supports of all three main girders. The internal forces in all members can be determined using the grid model of Figure 1.17b.
An automated topology optimization interpreter that generates space frames
Published in Mechanics Based Design of Structures and Machines, 2023
David H. Myszka, Camden L. Ives, James J. Joo
An alternative approach to the explicit methods is to post-process unaltered TO results by interpreting and converting them into manufacturable structures. It is common that the optimized geometry resulting from TO resembles a space frame, which is a rigid, lightweight, structure constructed from interlocking struts in a geometric pattern. The tendency is anticipated as space frames are well known as efficient structures, deriving its strength from the inherent rigidity of triangles (Chilton 2007). Methods have been proposed that convert planar TO density-based results to pixels and implement image processing techniques to identify inherent truss structures (Mandhyan, Srivastava, and Krishnamoorthi 2017; Jootoo and Lattanzi 2018; Gamache et al. 2018). Bremicker et al. (1991) present a planar interpreter to generate trusses, which includes a secondary shape optimization procedure. Extracting a three-dimensional (3D) skeleton directly from the TO results, Cuilliére, François, and Nana (2018) proposes smoothing iterations and infers section sizes from the original results. While encouraging, the examples presented are primarily planar with rather discernable structures.