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Vegetative Uptake and Use of Metal Tolerant Plants to Reclaim Mining Wastes
Published in Mritunjoy Sengupta, Environmental Impacts of Mining, 2021
Chromium is usually considered a phytotoxic agent when present in the soil. Chromium is not generally considered an essential element for the growth of plants. Serpentine soils derived from ultrabasic serpentine rocks usually contain substantial levels of CrO42−. Serpentine soils are toxic to many plants. However, plants adapted to serpentine soils probably require some degree of adaptation to Cr toxicity. Most species which occur in Cr-rich soils do not contain significant quantities of metal. Communities of Cr-adapted plants have been described from Southern Africa. In these plant communities, seven species were recognized accumulating Cr to very high levels.2
Core Eudicots: Dicotyledons V
Published in Donald H. Les, Aquatic Dicotyledons of North America, 2017
Leucothoe davisiae Torr. ex A. Gray inhabits montane bogs and seeps at elevations of up to 2600 m. The habitats are acidic (pH: 4.5–6.5) with substrates representing various mixtures of clay, sand, and loam. Exposure ranges from partial sun to full shade. The plants are ectomycorrhizal and will tolerate serpentine soils. Information on the biology and ecology of this species is scarce. It is uncertain whether the plants possess any mechanism of vegetative reproduction. The flowers are fragrant and presumably insect pollinated; however, studies on the reproductive ecology of this species should be undertaken to elucidate the breeding system. No reports on seed germination are available. The seeds are winged and presumably dispersed by wind and also by water; however, their ability to float has not been confirmed. Reported associates:Abies concolor, A. magnifica, Acer circinatum, Achlys triphylla, Aconitum columbianum, Adenocaulon bicolor, Allium validum, Alnus rubra, A. tenuifolia, Amelanchier alnifolia, Anemone deltoidea, A. quinquefolia, Aquilegia formosa, Arctostaphylos mewukka, A. nevadensis, A. patula, A. viscida, Asarum caudatum, Athyrium filix-femina, Berberis aquifolium, B. nervosa, Boykinia elata, B. major, Calocedrus decurrens, Caltha leptosepala, Carex hendersonii, Ceanothus velutinus, Chamaecyparis lawsoniana, Chamaescyce serpyllifolia, Chamerion angustifolium, Chimaphila menziesii, C. umbellata, Chrysolepis sempervirens, Circaea alpina, Clintonia uniflora, Corallorhiza maculata, Cornus canadensis, C. nuttallii, C. sericea, Darlingtonia californica, Disporum hookeri, Drosera, Gaultheria humifusa, G. ovatifolia, G. shallon, Glyceria elata, Goodyera oblongifolia, Hosackia crassifolia, Juncus, Kalmia microphylla, Lilium pardalinum, L. washingtonianum, Linnaea borealis, Listera convallarioides, Lonicera conjugialis, Lysichiton americanus, Maianthemum racemosum, M. stellatum, Mimulus cardinalis, M. moschatus, Mitella breweri, M. ovalis, M. pentandra, Orobanche, Orthilia secunda, Pedicularis semibarbata, Phyllodoce breweri, Physocarpus capitatus, Pinus contorta, P. monticola, Platanthera, Polystichum munitum, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Pteridium aquilinum, Pterospora andromedea, Pyrola picta, P. secunda, Rhamnus alnifolia, Quercus sadleriana, Rhododendron macrophyllum, R. neoglandulosum, R. occidentale, Ribes bracteosum, R. lacustre, R. sanguineum, Rosa gymnocarpa, Rubus parviflorus, R. ursinus, Salix ligulifolia, S. lucida, S. orestera, Sambucus nigra, S. racemosa, Sarcodes sanguinea, Scoliopus hallii, Senecio triangularis, Solidago, Sorbus californica, Spiraea douglasii, Streptopus amplexifolius, Symphoricarpos albus, Taxus brevifolia, Tellima grandiflora, Thalictrum fendleri, Tiarella trifoliata, Trientalis latifolia, Trillium ovatum, T. rivale, Tsuga heterophylla, T. mertensiana, Vaccinium arbuscula, V. membranaceum, V. parvifolium, V. scoparium, V. uliginosum, Veratrum viride, Viola glabella, Xerophyllum tenax.
Fertilization regimes affecting nickel phytomining efficiency on a serpentine soil in the temperate climate zone
Published in International Journal of Phytoremediation, 2021
Christina Hipfinger, Theresa Rosenkranz, Julia Thüringer, Markus Puschenreiter
Serpentine soils are spread all over the world, in particular in tropical areas such as Southeast Asia (Borneo, Sulawesi) (van der Ent, Baker, van Balgooy, et al. 2013; Galey et al. 2017), in Indonesia (Halmahera) and in Philippines (Palawan) (van der Ent, Baker, van Balgooy, et al. 2013; Nkrumah, Echevarria, et al. 2018). So far, 532 Ni hyperaccumulator species have been discovered (Reeves et al. 2018). Due to the widespread occurrence of Ni-rich soils and the large biodiversity of Ni hyperaccumulators, Ni phytomining has become an attractive approach. Recent field works have been conducted in different climatic regions like in tropics (Sabah, Malaysia) (Nkrumah et al. 2019a, 2019b; Nkrumah, Tisserand, et al. 2019), in oceanic climate (Sheffield, UK) (Chaney et al. 2005), in continental climate (Ontario, Canada) (Chaney et al. 2005) or in the Mediterranean climate (Chaney et al. 2000; Bani et al. 2010; Bani, Echevarria, Zhang, et al. 2015; Pardo et al. 2018). Only one study reported the phytomining efficiency in the temperate climate zone (Rosenkranz et al. 2019). Not all Ni hyperaccumulators are suitable for phytomining, but among the tested species (Nkrumah et al. 2016; Nkrumah, Chaney, et al. 2018), Odontarrhena chalcidica (Brassicaceae) is one of the most promising phytomining crops due its high biomass production and high Ni yields (Bani et al. 2010, 2013). Odontarrhena chalcidica is able to accumulate more than 20,000 mg Ni kg−1 in its shoot dry matter and shoot concentrations are typically 10-fold higher than soil Ni concentrations (Chaney et al. 2005).
Improving the growth of Ni-hyperaccumulating plants in serpentine quarry tailings
Published in International Journal of Phytoremediation, 2018
Zahra Ghasemi, Seyed Majid Ghaderian, Carmela Monterroso, Petra S. Kidd
Organic amendments significantly reduced shoot Ni concentrations of these two species compared to controls (p < 0.05, Figure 4). These reductions were more pronounced for plants grown in compost-amended than manure-amended treatments. Moreover, an increase in the amendment rate (i.e., from 5 to 20%) was also accompanied by further declines in shoot Ni concentration. The mean shoot Ni concentration followed the order C > M5% > CO5%> M20% > CO20%, corresponding with a reduction of 5.5- to 20.2-fold. Ni BCF followed the same pattern as shoot Ni concentrations, despite the increase in soil extractable Ni concentrations in amended soils. Ni BCF was highest for A. serpyllifolium (959), followed by A. inflatum (587), and A. bracteatum (47). As seen for shoot Ni concentrations, the most pronounced reductions were observed for all species in M20% (up to 40-fold) and CO20% (up to 68-fold). In contrast, Ni BCF decreased by at most 4- to 8-fold in Alyssum spp. grown in M5%. Several authors have also observed a decrease in metal accumulation by plants after fertilization, and especially after the incorporation of organic amendments (Alamgir et al.2011; Alvarez-Lopez et al.2016; Cooper et al.2011; Kidd and Monterroso 2005; Putwattana et al.2010). Wei et al. (2011) found that Rorippa globosa accumulated significantly less Cd in aboveground plant tissues after addition of chicken manure to the Cd-contaminated soil. However, this is often attributed to a reduction in soil metal availability after addition of organic amendments due to formation of organo-metallic insoluble complexes (Álvarez-López et al. 2016; Mench et al. 2000), while in our case Ni availability was higher in amended soils. Soil Ca concentration has also been shown to affect Ni accumulation by hyperaccumulators, and the Ca/Mg ratio has been shown to be an important factor for both the growth and Ni uptake of these plants (Brooks et al. 1981; Ghasemi et al. 2009). Serpentine soils are characterized by an unfavorable Ca: Mg ratio for plant growth. Here, the shoot Ca concentrations in the Alyssum spp. grown in compost-amended serpentine quarry wastes were indeed higher than in manure-amended wastes and the higher concentrations of Ca in the compost (3- to 4-fold higher than manure) may also explain the lower shoot Ni concentrations observed in this treatment. Gabbrielli et al. (1981) also found a negative relationship between plant uptake of Ca and Ni in the Ni hyperaccumulator species, Alyssum bertolonii and A. argenteum.