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Constructions and related matters relevant to environmental health
Published in Stephen Battersby, Clay's Handbook of Environmental Health, 2023
John Bryson, Stephen Battersby
It is now widely recognised that the effects of climate change and the increase in the built environment have necessitated changes to the way in which storm water is dealt with. Sustainable drainage systems, sometimes called sustainable urban drainage systems (SUDS) provide an effective way of mimicking natural drainage before development took place. SUDS can be used to counteract the effect of overloading gravity pipelines and watercourses, which can contribute to flooding downstream; or conversely, dealing with rainwater run-off on site to replenish ground water levels, particularly in times of water shortage. SUDS are increasingly used to mitigate excessive flows from storm water and reduce the potential for pollution from run-offs in urban areas [4].
Drainage
Published in Derek Worthing, Nigel Dann, Roger Heath, of Houses, 2021
Derek Worthing, Nigel Dann, Roger Heath
As we have observed, one of the problems with combined underground drainage systems is that they can unnecessarily overburden sewerage treatment plants. There is, however, another issue with both the combined and the ‘traditional’ separate systems in that neither make adequate (re)use of rainwater as a resource. In recent years there has been more emphasis on the use of water in houses in terms of how much is used by occupants, but the possible use of rainwater is only now beginning to be seen more widely as an element in a more coordinated and sustainable approach – usually referred to as sustainable urban drainage systems (SUDS). The aim of SUDS is to manage the quantity and quality of water but also to increase amenity and biodiversity. This might include Rainwater Recovery Systems which use storage tanks to collect rainwater for reuse in the dwelling in the same way that ‘greywater’ can be reused (see rainwater harvesting in Chapter 20 Cold water services).
Literature Review
Published in Alberto Galvis Castaño, Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control for the Municipal Water Cycle in a River Basin Context, 2019
Most of the existing drainage systems have one or more of the following problems: negative impacts on receiving water by storm water runoff discharges, runoff pollution, dilution of influent to the WWTP, discharges from combined sewer overflows (CSOs) or illegal connections to sanitary sewer systems (Marsalek et al., 2008). The high rates of urbanisation are contributing to the increase in impervious areas and runoff volume. The impervious areas have caused localised flooding, and water pollution. These effects have increased with climate changes. The conventional systems for stormwater management have not been an efficient solution. This calls for a change in stormwater management avoiding water cycle interruptions and allowing its use and storage. Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SUDS) provide this option. SUDS are aimed to reproduce the natural water cycle as closely as possible to how it existed prior to urbanization (Novotny and Brown, 2007). SUDS maximize the opportunities and benefits that can be achieved from storm water management (Mitchell, 2006; Fletcher et al., 2015). Examples of SUDS options include the following: green roofs, soakaways, rainwater harvesting, filter strips, trenches, swales, bio-retention, pervious pavements, infiltration basins, detention basins, ponds and wetlands (Bregulla et al., 2010, CIRIA, 2015).
Storm water systems’ performance: assessment framework application to Portuguese water utilities
Published in International Journal of Water Resources Development, 2023
Liliana Ferreira Santos, Maria Adriana Cardoso, Ana Fonseca Galvão
The integration of sustainable and decentralized systems to manage SW on-site has been highly promoted to complement or replace conventional SW infrastructures (Dhakal & Chevalier, 2016; Zhou, 2014), predominantly based on pipes and concrete channels designed to rapidly convey runoff from impermeable areas to receiving waters (Lashford et al., 2016). These alternative systems are commonly referred to as sustainable urban drainage systems (SUDS) in Europe, low-impact development (LID) in North America and water-sensitive urban design (WSUD) in Australia, for example. Despite the different terminologies, the underlying principles of SUDS/LID/WSUD seek to mimic the natural hydrology of a site by recognizing SW as a natural resource, by managing it as close as possible to its origins and by supporting the conservation of the existing natural environment, with an orientation towards prevention rather than mitigation or repair (Radcliffe, 2019). SUDS is hereafter the adopted term. Some examples of SUDS consist of swales, detention basins, permeable pavements, soakaways and infiltration basins, and green roofs.
Visualisation of clogging in green infrastructure growing media
Published in Urban Water Journal, 2023
Zhangjie Peng, Jill Edmondson, Ross Stirling, Daniel Green, Richard Dawson, Simon De-Ville, Virginia Stovin
Green infrastructure (GI) refers to a network of natural and engineered multifunctional green space and other green features. As a subset of GI, vegetated sustainable drainage systems (SuDS) use natural processes to provide sustainable solutions to stormwater management and minimise the hydrological impacts of urbanisation (Woods-Ballard et al. 2015). Vegetated SuDS can take various forms, but their main functions are to manage stormwater quality to control pollution and reduce runoff quantity to mitigate flood risk (Woods-Ballard et al. 2015). Vegetated SuDS such as green roofs and bioretention cells (commonly known as rain gardens) rely on vegetation and engineered growing media to provide the relevant stormwater benefits. The hydrological characteristics of growing media and the species of vegetation determine the hydrological performance of these systems in response to storm events (De-Ville et al. 2021; Stovin et al. 2015).
Modelling and assessment of sustainable urban drainage systems in dense precarious settlements subject to flash floods
Published in LHB, 2022
Luma Gabriela Fonseca Alves, Carlos de Oliveira Galvão, Bervylly Lianne de Farias Santos, Eldson Fernandes de Oliveira, Demóstenes Andrade de Moraes
A range of SUDS techniques can be applied in both public and private spaces, such as permeable pavements, bioretention systems, infiltration trenches and rainwater harvesting systems. However, their effectiveness will strongly depend on the characteristics of their locations. According to Silveira (2002), these types of modern urban drainage solutions are applicable in developing countries and consolidated areas only if they explore spaces still available or under-utilised. It is important to note that SUDS will not behave the same in all types of spaces. This is why it is necessary to develop urban planning involving SUDS measures based on the community’s and catchment’s needs and stakeholders’ context (Ariza et al., 2019). Urban planning integrating sustainable drainage systems in the catchment can avoid irremediable and vulnerable development (Ho et al., 2014).