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Integration of Geospatial Techniques in Environment Monitoring Systems
Published in Satya Prakash Maurya, Akhilesh Kumar Yadav, Ramesh Singh, Modeling and Simulation of Environmental Systems, 2023
S. Sreedevi, Rakesh Kumar Sinha, T. I. Eldho
The environment which constitutes air, water, land, or vegetation is continuously subjected to changes due to human activities or natural processes. For the management of environment in a sustainable way and for policy making, its spatio-temporal changes are to be monitored closely. Water resources forms an integral component of the environment and is in a great threat with regard to diminishing quality/quantity. Management of water resources in the wake of shortages, surpluses and resource impairment (due to droughts, floods, or pollution) is challenging.
Sustainable Eco-Friendly Polymer-Based Membranes Used in Water Depollution for Life-Quality Improvement
Published in Neha Kanwar Rawat, Iuliana Stoica, A. K. Haghi, Green Polymer Chemistry and Composites, 2021
Adina Maria Dobos, Mihaela Dorina Onofrei, Anca Filimon
Two of the greatest global challenges facing the 21st century involve the sustainable supply of clean water and energy, two highly interrelated resources, at affordable costs. Water contaminations, resulting from extensive industrialization and population growth, are the prime cause of environmental and human health degrading because it is directly linked to chemicals with a high degree of toxicity emitted by over 80% of the places with harmful waste. There is a lot of water on the planet, but of inadequate quality (purity) for the human consumption or other beneficial (e.g., industrial/agricultural) purposes. Increasingly, the drinking water resources are showing evidence of contamination with several kinds of pollutants, such as macromolecular proteins, oils, volatile organic solvents, heavy metals, pesticides, asbestos, humic acids, dust particles, and so on.1 It has been recognized that the water resources depletion combined with their environmental impact pose a major issue for our society and that the new technologies are the key to current and future needs to meet these challenges.2
The Role of Water Harvesting and Supplemental Irrigation in Coping with Water Scarcity and Drought in the Dry Areas
Published in Donald A. Wilhite, Roger S. Pulwarty, Drought and Water Crises, 2017
With scarcity, it is essential that available water be used at highest efficiency. Many technologies are available to improve water productivity and management of scarce water resources. Among the most promising technologies are (1) supplemental irrigation (SI) for rainfed areas and (2) rainwater harvesting for the drier environments (Oweis and Hachum 2003). Improving scarce water productivity, however, requires exploiting not only water management but also other inputs and cultural practices. This chapter addresses the concepts and potential roles of supplemental irrigation and water harvesting in improving water productivity and coping with increased scarcity, drought, and climate change in the dry areas.
Gels based on calcium alginate/pillared bentonite: structural characterization and their use as cadmium removal agent
Published in Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, 2022
Lucia Natasha Schmidt, María Fernanda Horst, María Malvina Soledad Lencina, Olivia Valeria López, Mario Daniel Ninago
The accelerated growth of the world in recent years related to industrial development has resulted in widespread pollution. Water resources are one of the most susceptible environments for contamination, being the water pollution one of the major problems in the world and it is major causes of illness and mortality worldwide.[1] Domestic, industrial and agricultural activities contaminate water resources with huge content of damage substances such as heavy metals, pesticides, nutrients and pharmaceuticals products.[2–4] Particularly, industries such as mining, textiles, and control pests often produced highly toxic wastes that, when they are discarded in aqueous effluents, cause several environmental and health problems.[5,6]
Water conservation potential within higher education institutions: lessons from a Brazilian university
Published in Urban Water Journal, 2021
Anna Elis Paz Soares, Juliana Karla Da Silva, Luiz Gustavo Costa Ferreira Nunes, Márcia Maria Rios Ribeiro, Simone Rosa Da Silva
The improvement of water resource management is cited as the principal measure that can aid its preservation (Bhakar et al. 2015; Leeuwen 2017), a process that includes actions that increase efficiency in treatment and distribution, as well as rational water use to reduce demand from daily activities and to regulate water recycling and reuse. The measures commonly applied to manage urban water demand are often grouped into three main categories: socio-political measures, economic and financial measures, and structural and technical measures (Guedes, Ribeiro, and Vieira 2014; Kanakoudis 2002; Sharma and Vairavamoorthy 2009). The first group refers to creating laws, decrees, and regulations that promote rational water use and actions to educate users. Economic and financial measures concern tariffs, taxes, incentives, and penalties (fines) that induce the water utility to increase efficiency and promote rational water use by the consuming population. Finally, structural measures involve applying techniques and physical interventions to make water use sustainable, such as water-efficient appliances, water recycling programs, and the use of alternative sources like rainwater.
A dynamic model of water resources management using the scenario analysis technique in downstream of the Zayandehroud basin
Published in International Journal of River Basin Management, 2019
Azadeh Ahmadi, Sayed Ali Ohab-Yazdi, Nima Zadehvakili, Hamid Reza Safavi
The ever-increasing water demand due to population growth, industrial and agricultural developments, temporally and spatially imbalanced distribution of precipitation, and declining water quality have made the supply of water a major challenge in the present century. Researchers have been, therefore, focusing their efforts on improving water resources management to strike a balance between water supply and the demand. A major challenge in water resources management is the uncertainty of water availability and the patterns of water demand in different sectors; e.g. agricultural, industrial, environmental, and urban. Neglecting these uncertainties has led to the present non-sustainable development. In general, there are two kinds of scenario analysis in water resources management: (i) evaluating the future development of different sectors in an area and ii) assessment of environmental condition; e.g. climate change (Duinker and Greig 2007).