China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Endophytic Microorganisms from Synanthropic Plants
Published in Amitava Rakshit, Manoj Parihar, Binoy Sarkar, Harikesh B. Singh, Leonardo Fernandes Fraceto, Bioremediation Science From Theory to Practice, 2021
Olga Marchut-Mikolajczyk, Piotr Drozdzynski
The term ruderal comes from Latin word rudus and defines disturbance-adapted species (Lachmud 2003) Thanks to the human activity, ruderal environments became nutrient-rich and thus are characterized by the presence of plants with high productivity and a variety of competitive relationships associated with continuous or occasional interference and rapid successive changes (Dietz et al. 1998). Ruderal plants encompass species from environments that are directly or indirectly influenced by human and may grow in artificial habitats, which are disturbed such as surroundings of houses, gardens, roadsides, railways sides, etc. (Johnson and Klemens 2005, Szafer 2013). The communities of synanthropic plants are composed of not only native species but also alien ones. Native plants may persist in their old habitat, which has been damaged by humans (Pteridium aquilanum, a cereal which grows on fields, which were previously covered by forests). Another mechanism involves settling after arriving from a near to far neighborhood, like Urtica dioica (originally a forest plant, which is now growing in ruderal environments). Due to the environment in which these plants grow, highly affected by human activity, very often they are exposed to different xenobiotics like herbicides, pesticides, hydrocarbons, and heavy metals. Nevertheless, they are capable of surviving in such an inconvenient environment, thanks to microorganisms that are inhabiting the interior of their tissues (Figure 1).
Core Eudicots: Dicotyledons V
Published in Donald H. Les, Aquatic Dicotyledons of North America, 2017
Symphyotrichum bahamense (Britton) G.L. Nesom is an annual, which resides in depressions, ditches, lawns, marshes, meadows, river channels, roadsides, salt marshes, seeps, stream beds, and margins of borrow pits, ponds, and woodlands at elevations of up to 1024 m (California). Reported substrates include marl, rock, and sand. The flowers are self-compatible. The plants characteristically occur in disturbed, ruderal areas. Otherwise, life history information for this species is scarce. Reported associates:Aeschynomene indica, Baccharis salicifolia, Brickellia californica, Cynodon dactylon, Digitaria ciliaris, D. ischaemum, D. sanguinalis, Echinochloa crusgalli, Epilobium brachycarpum, Eriogonum fasciculatum, Juncus balticus, J. dubius, Lepidospartum squamatum, Nasturtium officinale, Rumex crispus, Schedonorus arundinaceus, Scirpus, Tamarix ramosissima, Typha, Xanthium strumarium.
Assessing productivity and cost of timber harvesting during longleaf pine ecosystem restoration
Published in International Journal of Forest Engineering, 2023
Jacob Murray, Patrick Hiesl, Donald Hagan, Robert Baldwin
Timber thinning, selective cutting, and clear-cutting are three common examples of harvesting applications that have been found to promote longleaf pine and restore herbaceous understory fuels used for sustainable forest management (Harrington and Edwards 1999; Walker et al. 2004; Brockway 2005; Brockway et al. 2007). By reducing the canopy cover and basal area, light can penetrate the understory and promote early successional habitat comprised of nutrient-rich ruderal plant species. The most common method of longleaf pine restoration is the application of a clear-cut, followed by planting and the employment of one or more release treatments (Knapp et al. 2006, 2014). However, seed-tree harvests can act as alternative forms of restoration that promote natural regeneration when remnant longleaf pines are still present in the overstory (Croker 1976; Boyer and Peterson 1983). This restoration methodology mimics natural disturbance regimes and creates early successional habitat suitable for longleaf pine understory planting while promoting natural regeneration (Walker and Silletti 2007). With the forest industry being a highly cost-intensive business with extreme regional variability, restoration is contingent on several factors, including economic viability (Hiesl and Benjamin 2013b). Successful logging businesses are essential to the forest products industry and forest management as a whole, significantly influencing the capabilities of foresters and landowners who aim to employ silvicultural treatments to meet management objectives.