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Climate Change and its Impact on Plant–Microbe Interaction
Published in Javid A. Parray, Suhaib A. Bandh, Nowsheen Shameem, Climate Change and Microbes, 2022
Plant–microbiome interaction involving plant growth-promoting bacteria is also affected by drought. Santos-Medellı’n et al. (2017) studied the drought influenced microbial community composition in soil, root endosphere, and rhizosphere and he found that if the community is more intimately associated with roots, then there will occur more significant shift in the composition of drought-stressed rice plants (Santos-Medellín et al., 2017). Also, in an investigation to look at the impacts of soil moisture on root microbiome of sorghum, Xu et al. (2018) found that in surrounding soil bacterial community, diversity is unaffected and unchanged for the most parts, drought fundamentally decreased diversity in the rhizosphere and the root endosphere (Xu et al., 2018).
Microbial Biotechnology
Published in Nwadiuto (Diuto) Esiobu, James Chukwuma Ogbonna, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Olawole O. Obembe, Ifeoma Maureen Ezeonu, Abdulrazak B. Ibrahim, Benjamin Ewa Ubi, Microbiomes and Emerging Applications, 2022
Olawole O. Obembe, Nwadiuto (Diuto) Esiobu, O. S. Aworunse, Nneka R. Agbakoba
The soil milieu surrounding the plant root surface is regarded as the rhizosphere (Qiu et al., 2019). Considered as a hotbed for microbial activities compared to bulk soil, it is one of the most cryptic ecological niches (Compant et al., 2019). Plants impact the rhizosphere via deposition of exudates from root tip cells (primarily antimicrobial compounds, fatty acids, plant growth hormones, phenolics, vitamins, organic acids, and amino acids), sloughed cells, and mucilage (Rout, 2014; Compant et al., 2019). Discharges from the root are usually species-specific (Rout, 2014) and are critical influencers of rhizospheric microbiome structure (Turner et al., 2013). These exudates facilitate communication between plants and rhizosphere microbiota to assist in disease resistance and physiological performance (Korenblum et al., 2020). By utilizing plants’ exudate as a source of nutrients, microbes benefit from the association (Rout, 2014). The root microbiome comprises rhizosphere-inhabiting bacteria (and their genes) that can proliferate within the soil and initiate collaborative functions with their plant host (Hao & Xiao, 2017). Mostly derived by horizontal transfer from the surrounding soil vicinity (Compant et al., 2019), the rhizosphere microbiota incorporates fungi, oomycetes, bacteria, protozoans, nematodes, viruses, archaea, and algae (Mendes et al., 2013). Bacteria are the most prevalent with the preponderance of Proteobacteria (α and β classes), Actinobacteria, Planctomycetes, Bacteroidetes, Verrucomicrobia, and Firmicutes (Compant et al., 2019). Different cultivars of the same plant species maintain a high level of selectivity for rhizosphere microbiota (Korenblum et al., 2020). Rhizospheric microbial diversity fluctuates depending on soil environment, plant genotype, and stage of development (Korenblum et al., 2020). The majority of the rhizospheric microbes are growth-promoting and do not pose any harm to their plant hosts (Hao & Xiao, 2017).
Toluene biodegradation in the vadose zone of a poplar phytoremediation system identified using metagenomics and toluene-specific stable carbon isotope analysis
Published in International Journal of Phytoremediation, 2019
Michael BenIsrael, Philipp Wanner, Ramon Aravena, Beth L. Parker, Elizabeth A. Haack, David T. Tsao, Kari E. Dunfield
To-date, examination of plant-associated biodegradation within poplar-based petroleum hydrocarbon phytoremediation systems has often been conducted on the lab-scale, limited to culture-dependent methods (Jordahl et al. 1997; Barac et al. 2009; Weishaar et al. 2009; Timm et al. 2015), or involved uncontaminated field conditions (Ulrich et al. 2008; Gottel et al. 2011; Beckers et al. 2017). The root microbiome of poplars grown under field conditions is known to harbor a distinct assemblage of organisms compared to associated rhizosphere as a result of environmental differences, rather than opportunistic colonization of roots by dominant rhizosphere organisms (Gottel et al. 2011); however, environmental selective pressures are poorly defined. There is lack of information on the ecological differences between degraders associated with the rhizosphere, poplar root surfaces (rhizoplane), and within the root microbiome in situ. These critical knowledge gaps are significant for evaluating biodegradative processes and are relevant also for evaluating other phytoremediation activities, such as mass removal through phytoextraction (Wilson et al. 2013; Limmer et al. 2018).