China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Outside the house
Published in Michael Allaby, Conservation at Home, 2019
Roofing felt is a natural fibre which is felted and then impregnated with bitumen. Though it is inclined to tear, it is flexible and can be rolled. Lay it carefully to avoid tearing it, and secure it firmly with large-headed nails. Burning it releases dangerous fumes, but otherwise it will case no harm to you or the local wildlife.
Utilisation of textile wastes for the production of geotextiles designed for erosion protection
Published in The Journal of The Textile Institute, 2019
Jan Broda, Stanisława Przybyło, Andrzej Gawłowski, Joanna Grzybowska-Pietras, Ewa Sarna, Monika Rom, Ryszard Laszczak
Secondary recycling refers to mechanical treatment and melt processing. Cutting, shredding, carding and other mechanical processes lead to defibrillation of textile products into individual fibres. The process is often applied for fabrics made from cotton, wool and other natural fibres, and recently also for products made from aramid fibres (Flambard, Ferreira, Vermeulen, Bourbigot, & Poutch, 2004; Russell & Ireland, 2016). Fibres obtained by defibrillation are used for the production of new yarns, nonwovens and other textiles, upholstery stuffing, insulation and roofing felt, carpet components and lower quality blankets (Bhatia, Sharma, & Malhotra, 2014; Preda, Cîmpeanu, Harpa, & Racu, 2006). Mechanical treatment usually results in deterioration of product properties in every recycling cycle (Telli & Babaarslan, 2017). Therefore, recycled fibres are often used where high quality of fibres is not necessarily required, for reinforcement of polymer composites (Salama, Hassabo, El-Sayed, Salem, & Popescu, 2017; Umar et al., 2017), concrete (Ucar & Wang, 2011; Zhou & Xiang, 2011) or soil (Ghiassian, Poorebrahim, & Gray, 2004; Murray, Frost, & Wang, 2000). In case of wool obtained from recycled carpets, fibres were also used as soil fertilisers (McNeil, Sunderland, & Zaitseva, 2007).
Method for evaluating the snagging propensity of roofing membranes in buildings by roosting bats
Published in Building Research & Information, 2020
E. A. Essah, S. J. Russell, S. D. Waring, J. Ferguson, C. Williams, K. Walsh, S. Dyer, R. Raynor
In carrying out works on buildings that include re-roofing, the legal protection of bats can come into conflict with the use of NBCRMs where the death of bats (as a protected species) occurs due to entanglement with these materials. Within the process of operations that include re-roofing, if a bat roost is known or found, an ecologist will provide advice to the building professionals. It is the ecologist who will be mindful of the risks of NBCRMs and the advice of the statutory nature conservation bodies to use type 1F bitumen roofing felt with a hessian matrix instead.
The production of defects in construction – an agency dissonance
Published in Construction Management and Economics, 2019
Christian Koch, Casper Siebken Schultz
A specialized independent sealant contractor is hired and it appears that tightness is improved considerably. Yet the problem persists. Finally, after a number of corrections, they succeed in making the construction tight, by using additional screws and sealant, additional layers of roofing felt, and an extra focus on the quality of the interfaces. When the project is finished, however, they are still not aware of the actual causes of the ingress of water.