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Columns
Published in Syed Mehdi Ashraf, Practical Design of Reinforced Concrete Buildings, 2017
A reinforced concrete column is a structural element designed to support compressive loads or a combination of axial loads and bending. The primary function of a column in a building is to support beams or slabs and transfer the load to the foundations. Columns have two axes, and bending can occur on one or both the axes. The bending action may produce tensile stresses on part of the cross section of the column. Despite the tensile forces acting on columns, they are generalized as compressive members because compressive forces dominate in the column design.
Online Model Identification and Updating in Multi-Platform Pseudo-Dynamic Simulation of Steel Structures – Experimental Applications
Published in Journal of Earthquake Engineering, 2022
Cenk Aksoylar, Nihan Dogramaci Aksoylar
Online model updating in multi-platform PDS has attracted the attention of researchers over the last decade. One of the most differentiating aspects among these works is the updated components in the numerical models. In the first group, the aim of the updating procedure is to update the material model parameters of the numerical models. Some of the pioneering works of this approach are Elanwar and Elnashai (2014, 2016a, 2016b) and Yang et al. (2017). In these works online model updating methods are proposed to modify the material constitutive relationship of the numerical model during testing, based on data obtained from the physically tested component. (Elanwar and Elnashai 2014) used a genetic algorithm in order to identify the constitutive relationship parameters in line with the experimental test results. In subsequent studies (Elanwar and Elnashai 2016a, 2016b) different optimization tools and neural networks were investigated as alternatives for the identification procedures. In Yang et al. (2017), unscented Kalman filter was used to identify the material constitutive parameters using experimental measurements. For the verification examples; a one story two bay steel frame was used in Elanwar and Elnashai (2014) and a reinforced concrete column and a multi-story steel frame were utilized in Yang et al. (2017). Although the updating material model parameters have a wider application area, it has optimization process and possibility of backward inconsistency.
Experimental Testing of Variable Stiffness Bracing System for Reinforced Concrete Structure under Dynamic Load
Published in Journal of Earthquake Engineering, 2022
Fragility analysis was conducted on a case study for mid-rise RC-framed buildings retrofitted with different eccentric steel braces, including D, K, and V bracings, distributed in different locations of the structural models. The results revealed improvements in the seismic performance of RC buildings because of the application of the steel bracing system (Özel and Güneyisi 2011). Pushover analyses were conducted in Ref. (Godínez-Domínguez and Tena-Colunga 2010) on a ductile moment-resisting RC equipped with a concentric bracing system in a variety of low to medium rise structures; the capacity design method adopted in this study was successful. Nonlinear dynamic analyses have been conducted on regular moment-resisting RC-framed buildings strengthened with a chevron bracing system, and the numerical results disclosed that the seismic performance of RC chevron-brace-framed buildings improved (Godínez-Domínguez, Tena-Colunga, and Pérez-Rocha 2012). A pseudo-dynamic test on RC frames with and without the application of chevron braces was performed and compared with numerical analysis to verify the accuracy of the analysis and to estimate the capacity and displacement demands (Ozcelik, Binici, and Kurc 2012). A series of pseudo-dynamic tests (PDTs) and quasi-static tests (QSTs) were performed testing of variable stiffness bracing system of the steel braced truss-RC (reinforced concrete) column hybrid structure (Wang et al. 2018).
Experimental investigation into the behaviour of high slender concrete columns reinforced with CFRP and subjected to cyclic eccentric compression
Published in European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering, 2022
Youcef Si Youcef, Nasser Edine Attari, Sofiane Amziane
Since the carbon fibres are the main components, providing the strength of the composite, orientation of these fibres whether parallel, perpendicular or tilted at an angle to the column axis directly affects the result in terms of strength, ductility, deformability, etc. Indeed, if the carbon fibres are arranged transversally around a reinforced concrete column, there will be a confinement effect, which will increase the concrete strength, and, in addition to the stirrups, prevent the buckling of the longitudinal steel bars. If the fibres are arranged longitudinally, the effect would be an increase in flexural stiffness and, if they are at an angle, the effect would be a combination of the previous two cases (Si Youcef, Amziane, & Chemrouk, 2015a; Si Youcef, Amziane, & Chemrouk, 2015b).