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Pressure Distribution in Tissue
Published in J G Webster, Prevention of Pressure Sores, 2019
Compressive stress is calculated by dividing the applied load by the load area. Pinch shear stress on both sides of his model is assumed to be half of the applied load divided by the vertical cross-sectional area of the model. Bennett claims that this pressure magnitude is quite close to the actual shear stress. However, note that the gap between the bottom supports should be neither too wide nor too narrow. Otherwise, it will include other pressure effects. Horizontal shear stress is tested using two arrangements, one is with the vessel in line with the load, the other is with the vessel vertical to the load (turned 90° from that of figure 2.1(c)). This is called the cross shear. This pressure is the applied load divided by the load area. With these definitions of each tested pressure, figure 2.2 shows his results. The flow rate under zero loading should be equal under all tests, but figure 2.2 does not show equality. Bennett claimed that this was due to experimental error.
Principles of Physics
Published in Arthur T. Johnson, Biology for Engineers, 2019
If the force is exerted in the compressive direction, then it is a compressive force. Dividing by the cross-sectional area gives the compressive stress. Materials such as concrete and diamond have relatively high allowable compressive stress values. Others, such as mud or flesh, have low allowable compressive stress values.
Introduction to Mechatronic Systems
Published in Bogdan M. Wilamowski, J. David Irwin, Control and Mechatronics, 2018
Depending on the direction of the applied force on a particular area, there are three kinds of stresses: compressive stress, tensile stress, and shear stress. Compressive stress (or compression) is the stress state caused by an applied load that induces a reduction in the length of a material along the direction of the applied load. A simple case of compressive stress is one-dimensional compression induced by the pushing coaxial forces. The compressive strength of materials is generally higher than that of tensile stress. Tensile stress is the stress state caused by an applied load that tends to elongate a material in the same direction as of the applied load; in other words, it is the stress caused by pulling the material. Shear stress is the stress state caused by a pair of opposing forces acting along parallel lines of action through the material; in other words, it is the stress caused by sliding faces of the material relative to one another. An example is cutting paper with scissors.
Compressive behaviour of Neovius Triply Periodic Minimal Surface cellular structure manufactured by fused deposition modelling
Published in Virtual and Physical Prototyping, 2019
Sohaib Z. Khan, S. H. Masood, Essam Ibrahim, Zaini Ahmad
Uniaxial compression test was performed using MTS Criterion (Model 43) static testing machine with the maximum load capacity of 50 kN. Samples were placed between the hardened flat platens of the machine and compressed along the build direction only. The test was performed on each sample until the deformation reached 50% of the height of the sample at a constant deformation rate of 3 mm/min. The compressive strain was obtained from the machine reading using extensometer attached with the platens. The compressive stress was calculated by dividing the applied force by the cross-sectional area of the sample. The compressive strength of each sample was calculated by considering the maximum force sustained by the structure divided by the overall cross-sectional area of the sample. Young’s modulus was calculated by the slope of line fitting in the first linear region on the on a stress–strain curve.
Empirical predictions for the mechanical properties of Quaternary Cement Concrete
Published in Journal of Structural Integrity and Maintenance, 2018
Ashhad Imam, Vikash Kumar, Vikas Srivastava
The compressive strength of a material is that value of the uniaxial compressive stress at which the material fails completely. The compressive strength was calculated from the failure load divided by the cross-sectional area resisting the load and reported in Mega Pascal’s (MPa). Compressive strength was determined on 150 mm cube specimens according to IS:516–1959 using a digital compression testing machine after 7, 28 and 56 days of curing period.