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Vaulted structures in history and modern structural solutions
Published in Pere Roca, Paulo B. Lourenço, Angelo Gaetani, Historic Construction and Conservation, 2019
Pere Roca, Paulo B. Lourenço, Angelo Gaetani
Compared with earlier technologies (e.g. post-and-lintel), arch and vault constructions provided the possibility of covering larger spans with limited amount of material. The deep admiration and surprise of the ancient observers for these daring elements made the way for a religious and political symbolism that have likewise developed over time.
Preliminary Calculations to Ensure Validity of Computer Analysis
Published in Bungale S. Taranath, Tall Building Design, 2016
The major advantages of statically indeterminate structures are manifested in three ways. First, a statically indeterminate structure displays greater stiffness in resisting load than does a comparable statically determinate structure. For example, consider the two structures shown in Figures 7.1a and 7.1b, where the individual elements of each structure have the same cross-sectional dimensions and lengths. The post and lintel arrangement shows a beam member (lintel) that is supported atop two vertical struts (posts). When the load P is applied at midspan of the beam, the beam deflects with a vertical displacement of Δd as the load point. If the beam is integrally connected to the column, a portal frame is formed. In this case, the same load P will cause a vertical displacement of Δi < Δd as the load point. Computing the stiffness of the each case, that is, the load per unit displacement, we see P/Δi > P/Δd. That is, the stiffness of the indeterminate portal frame is greater than that of the determinate post and lintel system. The increased stiffness of the portal frame stems from the fact that the ends of the beam are restrained by the columns. Thus, as the beam deflects, the columns assist in resisting the load. This behavior differs from the post and lintel construction, where the beam simply deflects, and the struts are merely passive supports for the beam.
Multiscale Fire Damage Assessment of Historical Stone Trabeated Hypostyle Halls
Published in International Journal of Architectural Heritage, 2023
Swathy Manohar, Karpagam Bala, Shivangi Shukla, K. Mohammed Haneefa, Manu Santhanam, Arun Menon
The first phase of the case study presented here constituted visual observation and documentation of the current conservation state of the structure — including the construction style, positioning of structural elements, degree of damage in each element, etc. This part also afforded detailed observations on the possible differences in the action of fire load over various structural members owing to their nature of existence in the building. In vertical structural elements such as columns, gravity load acts in the direction of the longitudinal axis, causing compression in the member. Especially in a dry-stack post and lintel construction as in the current case, the beam-column connections do not transfer moments, the beams/slabs are simply supported, and the columns are predominantly under compression. Figure 3 represents the kind of such post and lintel connections between the structural members. Fire load impacts the column along its longitudinal axis. But due to the existing compression in the columns, the expansion caused by fire load results in flaking and spalling of the stone across the thickness of the member, leading to loss of cross-section that compromises the load-carrying capacity of the column. Thus, the action of fire alone could not cause direct structural failure to the column members but affected only the outer peripheral regions, unlike the cases in beams and slabs.
Baan Fai Rim Ping: a haptic approach to the phenomenon of genius loci by a riverside residence in Thailand
Published in Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering, 2023
Koompong Noobanjong, Chaturong Louhapensang
Unlike traditional Thai houses, Baan Fai Rim Ping did not resort to a post-and-lintel system to carry the load of the elevated building, but employed a series of load-bearing walls made of reinforced concrete as its main structural components. While contributing less flexibility to spatial arrangements, it was generally acknowledged that a building constructed with load-bearing walls–which was substantially stiffer than those using post-and-lintel or framed structures–would suffer less lateral displacement when subjected to the same ground motion intensity (Ching and Adams 2001, 2.20–2.21, 5.18–5.19). By carrying their own weight, the reinforced concrete load-bearing walls at Baan Fai Rim Ping were utilised both as interior partitions and exterior enclosures. Without any member of the structural elements protruding on their surface, the walls were carefully casted on site – using removable steel forms – and became aesthetically pleasing in their own right (Figure 2, 5, 6 and 7).
Research on traditional vernacular dwellings in the Li Canal reach of the grand canal
Published in Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering, 2020
Wood construction of traditional Chinese vernacular dwellings can be classified into three types – post and lintel construction, column and tie construction, and composite construction of the above two types. Vernacular dwellings in the north were all post and lintel constructions, and did not have column and tie construction, while all three constructions could be found in vernacular dwellings in the south. The column and tie construction and composite construction were dominant; the former was mainly used for bed rooms, and the latter for column-free halls, but their occurrence was rare (Figure 21).