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High performance light timber shear walls and dissipative anchors for damage limitation of wooden buildings in seismic areas
Published in Alphose Zingoni, Current Perspectives and New Directions in Mechanics, Modelling and Design of Structural Systems, 2022
V. Wilden, G. Balaskas, B. Hoffmeister, L. Rauber, B. Walter
Light-weight timber frame elements represent an efficient structural solution for wooden buildings. The tendency towards multi-storey structures leads to challenges regarding the stiffness, strength and ductility of the buildings and the accurate predictability of them. As the number of storeys grows, the requirements not only for fire protection, but also for stiffness increase, especially for structures exposed to lateral actions, such as wind or earthquake loads. In order to construct buildings entirely in wood, high performance timber walls are required for structural and seismic performance. The special challenge in developing the new high-performance wall, is to increase the resistance and stiffness on the one hand and simultaneously take advantage of ductile and dissipative properties of wooden light frame elements. To reach this aim, the development and investigation of high-performance wall elements and their crucial parts of timber frame elements were conducted. Tests on connections (Wilden & Hoffmeister 2020), tests on anchoring systems (Balaskas et al. 2021), on wall elements and tests on one full scale two storey building core were performed, to identify the influence on different scale.
Lifecycle energy of buildings
Published in Jane Powell, Jennifer Monahan, Chris Foulds, Building Futures, 2015
Jane Powell, Jennifer Monahan, Chris Foulds
The design was constrained by the client brief, which specified that the construction was to be flexible, affordable and buildable on a larger scale in different locations. The design criteria included the following: Highly insulated panellised system, supplemented with additional insulation installed on-site to exceed contemporary minimum building regulation standards.Sustainable material use including off-site manufactured timber frame, combining the benefits of sustainable materials and resource efficiency in production, together with timber (all certified FSC) cladding and window frames, which reduced the use of high embodied energy materials such as plastics, masonry and concrete.
Timber frames as an earthquake resisting system in Portugal
Published in Mariana R. Correia, Paulo B. Lourenço, Humberto Varum, Seismic Retrofitting: Learning from Vernacular Architecture, 2015
E. Poletti, G. Vasconcelos, P.B. Lourenço
Timber frame buildings are a common traditional construction present in many countries, particularly in local vernacular architecture, as they constitute an important cultural heritage worth preserving. They are characterised by a timber frame, which in some cases presents bracing members, filled with different infill materials such as earth mortar, canes, masonry. Portuguese Pombalino buildings represent a valuable construction typology, both for their cultural significance after the 1755’s Lisbon earthquake and the creation of a new city, as well as for the introduction of new and innovative technological features. In fact, it is in this period that timber frame construction developed as an effective seismic-resistant system in regions of high seismicity, such as Southern European countries.
Study on the characteristics of timber traditional architecture in Yiqian Town
Published in Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering, 2023
Timber frame structure refers to the main structural part of the wooden frame in the traditional buildings, that is, the load-bearing part of the wooden frame, which is composed of columns beams, purlins and rafters. Timber frame structure is an important determinant of the scale and appearance of wooden buildings. From the book kaogongji, we can know that the division of carpentry in the Zhou Dynasty has been very fine, and the division of labor in the later generations is different. The title of carpentry work is originally derived from Yinzaofashi, a great work of 36 volumes, whose contents are specifically divided into four parts: frame system, work limit, material example and drawing. Each part is divided into 13 chapters. In addition, many practices recorded in Yuanye (Ji and Ni 2017) were also reflected in the Yiqian area.
An approach for the reconstruction of a traditional masonry-wooden building located in an archeological area. Part II: Building reconstruction
Published in Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering, 2022
Cemil Akcay, Nail Mahir Korkmaz, Baris Sayin
Traditional timber-framed buildings are composite structures, characterized by upper storeys composed of a timber frame load-bearing system constructed on top of a masonry ground storey (Aktaş and Türer 2016). There are some post-disaster studies presenting a favourable seismic performance of the buildings (Güçhan 2007; Gülhan and Özyörük 2000; Aktaş 2017; Aktaş et al. 2017). Demolished timber framing buildings are reconstructed using different construction systems provided that preserving the dimensions and facades of the authentic building. This causes the structures to lose its historical and cultural identity. In other words, imitating these structures using modern materials and systems does not meet authentic features of the structures. In addition to all these, in recent years, mimicking approaches have been presented in this direction due to the need analysis related to function change. However, in this study, the original construction system was not preferred as a result of the function change of the examined building.
Fast Nonlinear Analysis of Traditional Chinese Timber-Frame Building with Dou-Gon
Published in International Journal of Architectural Heritage, 2020
Xicheng Zhang, Chenwei Wu, Jianyang Xue, Hui Ma
In order to provide experimental statistics on dynamic performance of traditional timber structure, several tests on the whole structure and different types of joints have been conducted. In order to provide the basic dynamic characteristics of the North Gate of the Xi’an City Wall, Fang et al. conducted onsite measurements and model tests on the front tower to obtain the free vibration characteristics and other valuable information of the structure (Fang et al. 2001). Che et al. carried out micro-tremor measurements to investigate the dynamic characteristics of the Yingxian Wooden Pagoda and its ground soil. They found that the peak frequencies of the soil layer of the site were within 2.5–3.5 Hz, and the first three natural frequencies of the Pagoda were 0.6 Hz, 1.66 Hz, and 2.93 Hz, respectively (Che et al. 2006). The connections of timber frame construction are a key issue, as they contribute to the dynamic behavior, particularly the natural vibration period of structure. As there are various kinds of mortise-tenon joints existed in the structure, constitutive relations of different joins were obtained by the experimental studies in the past few years on different timber frame systems (Chun, Meng, and Han 2017; Li et al. 2015). The hysteretic model of the mortise-tenon joints proposed by the above studies lays a foundation for dynamic analysis of the timber frame structure.