Portable toilets

Portable toilets

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Published in John D. McDonald, Electric Power Substations Engineering, 2017

During construction, debris and refuse should not be allowed to accumulate. Efforts should be made to properly store, remove, and prevent these materials from migrating beyond the construction site. Burning of refuse should be avoided. In many areas this activity is prohibited by law. Portable toilets that are routinely serviced should be provided.

Ambient-temperature co-digestion of low-solids municipal and industrial waste mixtures: Insights from molecular analyses

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Journal Information

Published in Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 2018

Ramin Yazdani, Kyuhwan Shim, Zhi Chen, Christy Cheung, Matthew D. Summers, Douglas W. Williams, Reinhard Seiser, Susan K. De Long

The microbial populations in the ambient-temperature dairy-manure seed were not previously exposed to the wastes targeted in this study. To accelerate digester startup and maximize biogas generation, the seed was acclimated to the wastes. Two sets of acclimated inocula were developed by running semicontinuous digesters for a period of 45 days. One seed was prepared from a mixture of dairy manure sludge and a food-waste mixture (FOG, tomato, and winery); the second was prepared from dairy manure sludge and the human waste mixture (septic and portable toilet waste). The acclimated seeds then were used to start up digesters with all the waste mixtures. Human wastes were separated from other waste sources because of the potential for pathogens and high sulfate content, which would result in production of hydrogen sulfide and require additional treatment before use.

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Ambient-temperature co-digestion of low-solids municipal and industrial waste mixtures: Insights from molecular analyses